The term moonshine was probably coined by the Scots when new laws introduced in 1781 drove them to establish stills way up in the hills that could be operated surreptitiously, literally by the light of the moon. J. T. S. Brown and Sons (J. T. S. Brown Bourbon) bought the Old Prentice distillery in Anderson County sometime during early 1900s. They made wines from elderberries, parsnips, pumpkins, and the like--if it fermented, they turned it into some form of beverage alcohol or other. George Ade, author of The Old Time Saloon, noted that, in Chicago, once a saloon keeper got his license, he would throw the key to his bar into Lake Michigan so that his doors could never again be locked. So, though the public was protected and fed, in part, by the whiskey men of America, they just didnt have enough decent whiskey to drink. But these were also the days when many people were stricken with a variety of weird and wonderful maladies that needed regular treatment with frequent tots of decent, aged, medicinal whiskey--the product of a loophole in the law that allowed certain distillers to sell whiskey for medicinal use. The Cascade distillery in Tullahoma, Tennessee, was founded in 1877 and later purchased by Dickels company. When groups such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) sprung up, the whole country started talking, once more, about the evils of drink. One man whose name has certainly not been forgotten was the notorious preacher, Elijah Craig, who arrived in Kentucky in 1786 and was making whiskey three years later. Further amendments to the law made it possible to actually distill whiskey (during distilling holidays) that would be used for medicinal purposes. proof). Since there wasnt a great deal in the way of entertainment back then, almost everyone was interested in a dram of whiskey. Over 2,000 barrels of whiskey were shipped out of Kentucky in 1820, and it was widely known as bourbon. Around the turn of the century, most saloons were unruly places that served liquor, wine, and beer to almost anyone--young or old, sober or drunk, morning, noon, or night. Less than 10 years later, Carry married David Nation, a lawyer and minister of the Christian church who eventually divorced her because of her slightly insane ways of demonstrating her distaste for alcohol. Since rum was made nearby, in the Caribbean, and therefore was easy and relatively inexpensive to transport to the U.S., it became the drink of choice of many Americans beleaguered by both the shortage of whiskey, and a lack of money. Babcock was finally brought to trial in 1876, and due in large part to testimony from Grant in the form of a deposition (Grant had offered to testify in person at the trial but was persuaded that Presidents just didnt do that sort of thing), he was acquitted of all crimes. Tennessee enforced statewide Prohibition in 1910. Most settlers from Maryland and Pennsylvania started their trip to Kentucky in Pittsburgh and floated down the Ohio River on flatboats into Kentucky. Public confusion. Not that she hated only alcohol, mind you, Carry also hated sex, tobacco, and Teddy Roosevelt. The company had $100,000 in capital and bought 100 acres of Louisville land where they built a huge distillery. Barley was also grown in these states, and it was familiar to the farmers and distillers. Rumor had it that McDonald had helped Grant by making sure Sylph left him alone, and if the rumors were true, it was no wonder that Grant allied himself with McDonald. We should take time here to understand exactly what these new taxes meant to the farmer-distillers of the time--these guys didnt have any cash. Its tempting to think that, with that law under their belts, Grant out of the way, and a somewhat standardized method of production, the whiskey men of America were able to sit back and make some money. Whiskey-making was one of the first cottage industries in the land; it was responsible for George Washington mustering federal troops for the first time, and whiskey went with the early pioneers as they traveled westward to explore new territories. In 1864, David M. Beam, owner of the Old Tub distillery, was blessed with child--the one and only Jim Beam. Tennessee whiskey must be made in Tennessee, while bourbon can be produced anywhere in the United States. (This time period remained in effect until the Forand Act of 1958 increased it to 20 years.) It was too much for the industry to bear. Maybe as a matter of routine, distillers who invested in used cooperage would set fire to the interior of the barrel to rid it of any lingering odors or dirt, and once again, at some point, charred barrels were recognized as having a good effect on whiskey. According to Gerald Carson in his book, The Social History of Bourbon, one such tax collector, who had employed the services of a dozen soldiers to guard his house, had it burned to the ground nonetheless. And he was right, the Anti-Saloon League was doing just that. Hence, people such as John Thompson Street Brown, father of George Garvin Brown (Old Forester), and the Weller brothers (W. L. Wellers sons), along with many other Kentuckians, served in the Confederate Army. Pulque is depicted in Native American stone carvings from as early as AD 200. Taxes have long been the bane of the whiskey businesss existence, and toward the end of the nineteenth century, demand was high for a fair policy that would benefit the country without crippling the entire liquor industry. By 1790, George Washington had been inaugurated in New York City, the new countrys temporary capital, and after the long years of fighting the Revolutionary War, it was time to set up business. Elijah Pepper (James E. Pepper and Old Crow Bourbons) settled in Old Pepper Springs, Kentucky, in 1776. At one point he advocated reducing taxes on such products saying that nations where cheap wine was available for the common man did not suffer the same insobrieties as those where whiskey was the least-expensive ardent drink. Actually, by that year, every state in the union had some form of prohibition. And whereas Grant had originally claimed to have been grievously betrayed by McDonald, he now said that McDonald was a reliable friend, and cited McDonalds friendship with Babcock as good enough reason to believe him innocent of the charges. This was a time that really sorted out the men from the boys; unfortunately, though, many of the boys were the ones who made great whiskey, and many of the men were more concerned with business: Quantity mattered more than quality. What a pleasant surprise on Rainey Street. There was plenty of farmland, a demand for liquor, and the strong backs, tenacious characters, and intimate knowledge of the still, made the Scots-Irish perfect people to help carve out a new nation--and lay the foundations for the whiskey industry. However, since the majority of brewers and distillers thought of the drys as not much more than religious fanatics, they chose not only to ignore them, but foolishly carried on doing business as usual--a bad move, and one that would eventually lead to their downfall. Very simply, these men created the Distillers and Cattle Feeders Trust (unofficially known as the Whiskey Trust) with an eye to buying up small-scale distilleries (whether or not they wanted to be bought), and thus controlling the price and quantity of whiskey on the market. Follow the American Whiskey Trail and the Distilled Spirits Council on Twitter! In this same speech Lincoln stated his belief that people would be more likely to stop drinking if, instead of being preached to about the evils of alcohol, they were shown examples of how sobriety would enhance their lives. To cap off the Lincoln question, two more instances give insight into his views: In 1854, after Lincoln refused to partake of whiskey on a particular occasion, Stephen Douglas asked him if he were a member of a temperance society. Prohibition finally ended at 5:32 P.M., Eastern Standard Time, on December 5, 1933. Their arrival in America came at a time when the country was struggling to become self-sufficient. To further help the distillers, the government agreed that stores of whiskey could be used as collateral for taxes when they came due. Mainly because gin was what the bootleggers had decided to make--and they had good reasons: It is relatively simple to take unaged spirits, straight from the still, add a little oil of juniper, and create gin--not London Dry gin, mind you, a distinctive spirit with myriad natural flavors lovingly distilled into it, but a very crude form of what we now call compound gin, a less-expensive substitute. Daniel Weller (W. L. Weller Bourbon) floated into Bardstown on a flatboat in 1794. And telegraph wires were all the rage in this period, too; by 1850 over 50,000 miles of wire was strung up all over the place. In some instances, distillers ventured into importing, exporting, and distilling different products to diversify their lines. Thomas B. Ripy, whose sons would build a distillery that is known today as the Wild Turkey Distillery, opened his first whiskey distillery in 1869. Fact was, the farther away from the coast people traveled, the more expensive it was for them to make rum from imported molasses; in reaction, more people turned to whiskey for solace. Nobody stopped making bourbon, rye, or Tennessee whiskey simply because sales werent as good as expected; they dealt with the situation as best they could. When whiskey is first distilled it is clear--it looks exactly like vodka. Strangely enough, one of the major beneficiaries of World War II was the rum industry, the very enterprise that, in America, had fallen at the heels of the whiskey business some 150 years previous. . It goes just as fast and just as far as public sentiment of the church will permit. I. W. Harper, Old Charter, and Cascade (George A. Dickel) brand names were purchased by Schenley in the late 1930s, and Schenley itself was later acquired by United Distillers. Two of the more popular American spirits during the first century and a half of colonization were peach brandy, made mainly in the Southern colonies, and applejack (a brandy distilled from cider), which probably originated in or around New Jersey. The Stitzel distillery joined forces with the Weller company to form Stitzel-Weller. In 1882 a distillery by the name of R. B. Hayden and Company fired up its stills to make the first bottles of Old Grand-Dad bourbon. The Willett Family Estate has worked diligently since the mid-1800s to start, perfect, and craft their award-winning spirits. Advertisements in magazines and newspapers of the time gave consumers the chance not only to buy whiskey at reduced rates, but also to receive special offers, such as an elegant gold-filled watch sent free to all who influence ten new customers to each order one gallon or more of our goods. If you had only four friends, you could receive the most beautiful set of Limoges China Dishes you ever saw for persuading each of them to order a gallon of spirits from the Security Distilling Company of Chicago. After that time, surveyors and prospectors offered land for sale at very reasonable prices to pioneers heading west. One of the favorite whiskey recipes is Ol' Snakehead. But, on the other hand, a great deal of poison or methyl alcohol has taken the place of the good old pure whiskey. First, they made beer. Specifically, when he . Along with many other reputable distillers and rectifiers, Taylor was worried that the bad whiskey in the marketplace would reflect badly on the whole industry. And once their orchards gave fruit, cider and perry (pear cider) were added to the menu. Aside from having no cash, the distillers in western Pennsylvania were also exasperated because, when summoned to court to answer their charges, they had to make their way to Philadelphia. The world of bourbon is complex and the brands are numerous. WhistlePig The Bhlden is aged for 21 years in American Oak ex-bourbon barrels and to give it that WhistlePig flair finished . They installed grain-handling machinery that would do the work of 30 men; their two gigantic stills (one of them erected on an entirely new principle about which we can find no details) contained 10 tons of copper and produced enough used grain to feed 5,000 hogs. The bonding period was increased to three years in 1879, and in 1894, after the nation had just suffered a massive depression known as The Panic of 1893, it was increased again, this time to eight years. That's 80 percent alcohol for those new to this game. Interestingly enough, cider-makers who didnt possess a still would, during the winter months, leave cider outside to freeze. In 1791, George Washington approved an excise tax on liquor. So, we can draw from Ewings reference to red liquor that in the mid-nineteenth century, some whiskey was being aged in charred casks, and it was aged long enough for it to gain bourbons characteristic crimson hue. We do know that he was a whiskey distiller in the late eighteenth century, and that his whiskey was probably known as Kentucky whiskey or maybe even bourbon, but theres no real evidence to prove that he was the first person to make bourbon. Though that possibility is not unthinkable, its more probable that he was making corn beer. According to most reports, Sylph was a woman said to have had an extra-marital affair with Grant, and she was a woman who had pestered him ever since. The name firewater comes from the practice of cowboys or tradesmen exchanging whiskey for goods from the indigenous populations. Fortunately, however, the government rethought their actions when they realized that much of the whiskey being consumed at the time wasnt being taxed at all. Consequently, some at least were repeatedly looking for new land to farm. Crow was a man of medicine and a man of science, and it was he who experimented scientifically with using setback (sour mash) to control certain aspects of his whiskey-making methods. The triangle trade was broken, but by that time, whiskey was well on its way to becoming the native spirit of the United States. Laws that would properly define foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals, and help protect consumers, were, therefore, presented to Congress, and luckily for us, whiskey was one of the items under discussion. The hope was that it would tide them over for a few years until they had enough aged straight whiskey to please the public. Over 65 million gallons of the hard stuff was consumed by Americans. In fact, the lottery winners paid nothing at all for the property; the only requirement was that they had to clear their plot of land and build a house, at least 16-feet-square, on it. As the name implies, Old Grand-Dad's 114 is indeed 114 proof. This is a higher corn content than Montana 1889 Whiskey. The story of a fairly typical arrangement of the time is detailed in Nelson County Kentucky: A Pictorial History by Dixie Hibbs, a very knowledgeable Bardstown historian. One such society in New York state allowed its members to choose between swearing off liquor only--giving them ample leeway to get rip-roaring drunk on wine or beer--and signing the pledge to abstain from any and all beverage alcohol--total abstinence. Thus, even though flavor wasnt of primary importance, distillers always ran the risk of blowing themselves to kingdom come should a still decide to explode. Tennesseans, however, were not the only whiskey men to use charcoal filtration; one document in Louisvilles Filson Club, written prior to 1820, describes filtering whiskey through layers of white flannel, clean white sand, and pulverized charcoal made from good green wood such as sugar tree hickory. However, the Kentucky distiller who detailed these instructions, used only 18 to 20 inches of charcoal, not even close to the 10-plus feet described in Eatons process. Grants magnificent military might, however, didnt prepare him for the presidency. Add to that the fact that, in some circles, drinking is also a sin, and it becomes relatively easy to convince a nation that drink should be taxed. Overall, the Civil Wars effect on the whiskey business, by no means negligible, was to whittle down the number of whiskey distilleries and distillers--a fact that probably didnt upset temperance advocate--and onetime tavern keeper--Abraham Lincoln. They had no points to pay on the closing, no smooth broker taking a percentage, and no rent to pay until the Revolutionary War ended (The Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783). They carry the passion for gaming and for spirituous liquors to an excess. The Anti-Saloon League had structured its tactics to make sure that a number of individual states went dry before lobbying for national prohibition, and they were succeeding at an alarming rate. In the twentieth century, Alcoholics Anonymous went on to prove his point. Additionally, trademark and copyright rules were lax. In the second example Lincoln often is erroneously quoted as saying that injury from alcohol arose from the abuse of a good thing rather than from the use of a bad thing. They had found that by using only the center cut of their distillate, and returning the end of the run back to the still for redistillation (a method still practiced today), they could remove unwanted bitter flavors from their whiskey. The Confederate troops, on the other hand, didnt get their fair share of whiskey, not only due to their lack of hard cash, but also because the South couldnt afford to use what valuable grain there was to make such frivolous stuff as whiskey; people were wanting of the basic necessities just to exist. But in those pre-pasteurization days, beer didnt keep too long, so they brewed only as much beer as would be consumed in the very near future. American whiskey started its life as a raw, unaged spirit that had, as its main attribute, the power to spur the courage of the first colonists. Their pride for the craft is evident in this Rare Release of the 8-Year Single Barrel Rye Whiskey. Whatever the reality of who was drinking more, the Southern populace needed food more than they needed whiskey. Size 1000mL Proof 90.4 . Its clear that the whiskey business had its problems: The swingers of the twenties preferred gin to whiskey; post-Prohibition whiskey drinkers got used to blended whiskeys; and then the demon rum reared its head during World War II. However, just to give Craig the benefit of the doubt, if bourbon whiskey had a good reputation down south (he did ship his whiskey down there), he may have *called his product bourbon even though he didnt there. Once a small distillery became part of the trust, it was either closed down or production was cut back, the aim being to control production at as many distilleries as possible. The battle eventually was won by the blenders, but back on this side of the Atlantic, similar battles were being waged. Once again, people were demanding straight rye whiskey--not the blended product that had been poured as rye at many a bar since as far back as the 1950s. Those distillers whose whiskey had gained a good reputation started to give their product a name, and deserving of mention here is Oscar Pepper who, in 1838, built the Old Pepper Distillery, hired James Crow as master distiller, and marketed their whiskey as Old 1776--Born with the Republic. The name referred to Oscars father, Elijah, who settled in Kentucky in 1776 and made whiskey shortly thereafter; its one of the earliest references to whiskey men marketing their product. World Class 'Sipping' Single Malt Whiskies Under $100, Ranked. Americans in 1825 were drinking almost three times as much alcohol as the people living in the somewhat wild days of 1970. To accomplish this, Hamilton persuaded Congress to introduce tariffs on imported goods, tax spirits, and charter the Bank of the United States, which would hold the governments revenues and stimulate economic growth by investing in American businesses. To a large extent, it worked. Still, the government had made some changes and provided a modicum of relief for the whiskey industry, and the years that followed were to shape the business into what it has become today. In 1900, Ms. Nation gathered a group of supporters, rolled into a drugstore in Kansas (which was dry at the time), rolled out a cask of brandy, and promptly smashed it to smithereens with a sledgehammer. Also in 1935, the Austin Nichols company, previously concerned solely with the food business, took an interest in whiskey and other liquors. A good number of bars were no more than dens of iniquity where one could buy drugs, consort with prostitutes, hire strong-armed boys to do a little dirty work, or bribe voters with a few shots of whiskey. The distiller needed money, and the rest of the town needed whiskey to take the edge off the hazards of living in new territory surrounded by natives who seemed to think they had every right to live on their own land. However, it is also true that most people of the time thought that all their neighbors were involved in the antics associated with illegal liquor, when in fact, although many drinkers might have kept a bottle at home, the speakeasies were frequented by a relatively small percentage of the population. The same products from British colonies in the West Indies were not taxed, it was just a little gentle goading to remind the colonists where their allegiances should lay. Rates were based on the alcoholic strength of the product, spirits made from home-grown products were taxed less than those made from imported goods (rum, made from imported molasses, therefore, was more-heavily taxed than whiskey), and an annual tax was levied on each still, dependent on its capacity. According to Oscar Getz in Whiskey, An American Pictorial History, by 1860, on a per-capita basis, Americans were drinking over 28 percent more spirits than they had consumed just a decade earlier. Frankfort Distilleries (owners of the Four Roses brand) survived the dry years and was bought by the Seagram company in the 1940s. In 1804, Franois Andr Michaux wrote, Kentuckians have preserved the manners of the Virginians. The Lever Food and Fuel Act was enacted later that year; designed to preserve food supplies during World War I, it made all distillation of beverage alcohol illegal. In 1867, she married a physician and alcoholic, Dr. Charles Gloyd, and was widowed when her husband, despite her remonstrations to the contrary, reaped the rewards of drinking too much. Bourbon was here to stay. For the 18 year old rye whiskey, a special placard . The Pepper family was one of the few Kentucky distillers who could afford the taxes that spurred the Whiskey Rebellion. The farmer-distillers made a more than adequate living by raising livestock, growing grain, and making rye whiskey that they could trade to fulfill their other needs. Their company would later merge with the Weller company and become known as Stitzel-Weller. Their whiskey would eventually be known as I. W. Harper. That year saw the birth of yet another organization, The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, made up of many brewers, distillers, and some very wealthy and influential people, DuPont family members among them. Rye whiskey had been born in Pennsylvania, and Kentucky was about to give birth to a whiskey that would become known as bourbon. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 added Missouri, Arkansas, and parts of Louisiana to the U.S., as well as a huge expanse of land that would eventually become Iowa, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, most of Kansas, and parts of Montana, Wyoming, Minnesota, and Colorado. The company bought the Old Fitzgerald brand name*by 1933 veach in 1933 and went on to become part of United Distillers in the 1980s. In the early years of the twentieth century, large food companies had already started shipping foodstuffs all over the country, and there was growing concern about the preservatives and dyes being used, as well as the sanitary conditions in the packaging plants. Virginians and pioneers from North Carolina, on the other hand, usually made their way to what became the Bluegrass State through the Cumberland Gap--a route that took them through the Appalachian Mountains on the Wilderness Trail.. But while all this technology was helping people reach out and touch someone, other events were starting to bode badly for the whiskey men of America. Other accounts say that Wattie Boone, a relative of Daniels, and a certain Stephen Ritchie both made whiskey in Nelson County, Kentucky in 1776, and this is probably accurate. In those days, rum was known by many different names: Rumbullion, rumbustion, rumbowling, kill-devil, rhumbooze, and Barbados water were all common terms for the distillate of sugar cane or molasses. (Although the Kentucky notes do advise that the process be repeated until the whiskey was pure.) Since Eaton is said to have noted that his Lincoln County Process took a long time, some historians have taken his words to mean that he was aging his whiskey as early as 1825. Colonel Albert B. Blanton became plant manager at the George T. Stagg distillery in 1912. However, McDonald had a few cards up his sleeve, and although he offered to replace the money in return for immunity (claiming he would get it from the distilleries), he also dropped mention of Grants name to add weight to his plea for clemency. The association felt compelled to keep the government informed of the drawbacks of Prohibition; stressing mainly, that without taxes from alcohol, the economy was suffering; that farmers had lost a market for their grains and the surplus subsequently had brought grain prices down, and that unemployment in related industries was rising steadily. It is the process that is still used today and distinguishes Tennessee whiskey from bourbon and all other straight American whiskeys. Tastes had changed, and blended whiskeys had become increasingly popular. Jack Daniel opened his Tennessee distillery in 1866. Okay, we have whiskey made using corn as the predominant grain, and we have some of that whiskey being aged in charred barrels. Henry Hudson Wathen (whose family kept the Old Grand-Dad label alive in the late nineteenth century) began distilling whiskey in Kentucky in 1788. John E. Fitzgerald, whose Old Fitzgerald bourbon would become the joy of the Stitzel-Weller brands, built a distillery in 1870. And the law had won. On what did they spend it? The idea, in general terms, was to make each industry share the available work among as many people as possible. It's a tightly regulated product that must be produced in the United States and has a few distinct characteristics. The Volstead Act all but destroyed many of the legitimate whiskey distilleries. W. L. Weller (W. L. 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