Justice Wargrave. Who was the killer in and there were none? Lets look at exactly what he foresees: Wargrave does all this planning because hejust like Christiewants everything to be a mystery. Armstrong sees the mark on the side of her neck and declares that someone had injected her with poison from a syringe. How was Armstrong killed in and then there were none? Despite always looking asleep, the judge was shrewd when it came to trials; he was believed to be a hanging judge, who had a . He points out that the name of the sender in each case has the same first two initials, spelling out "Unknown" with the last name. What are Neil Armstrong's character traits? Like all the guests on the island, Wargrave had murdered someone. Tension grows as they realize there is a murderer among them. The man on trial received the death penalty, and Wargrave proclaims, ''My conscience is perfectly clear on the matter. It was easy I must be careful, though, very careful., But don't you see, he's mad? Despite this claim, Wargrave thinks about Seton a lot throughout the book. He fakes his own death with the help of the unsuspecting Dr. Armstrong. They both think that maybe this is all a dream and that Presently a tap will come on the door and early morning tea will be brought in. Lombard tells her that he does not fancy that she is the murderer, but Vera is not as sure about Lombard. I feel like its a lifeline. Like Holmes, he can focus solely on the task at hand, and to notice obvious things that other people do not observe. Mind you, I took no pleasure in seeing an innocent man there., Five peoplefive frightened people. Everyone was in the living room. What did Dr Armstrong do on the island? . His use of the nursery rhyme and the china figures to arrange the murders satisfied his imagination. Discover what Justice Wargrave was accused of and who the killer is in the story. Emily Brent Character Analysis. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs \hline Need Custom Character Analysis Sample With Quotes or Maybe Help With Editing? I was born with other traits besides my romantic fancy. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. He even arranged the murders to fit a nursery rhyme that suited his imagination. In the novel, the group of strangers arrives at an island where a recorded voice accuses each guest of murder. No offense to the toothless, but this is Signo Number Uno that Wargrave isnt the cuddly retired judge he seems to be. He directs everyone to share why they came to the island. . Justice Wargrave Character Analysis. However, at the close of the novel, the . Red herrings are most traditionally associated with mystery novels, especially the works of Arthur Conan Doyle. Dr. Armstrong removes the wool and finds what appears to be a gunshot wound to the judge's head. The storm traps everyone on the island, only increasing the sense of anxiety and fear. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. He wants to make sure that every single person who does what he deems wrong gets his or her just desserts. He was sure he wouldn't die and he faked his name in the beginning of the story. He tried playing judge. Butincongruous as it may seem to someI was restrained and hampered by my innate sense of justice. And they will find ten dead bodies and an unsolved problem on Soldier Island. . What was Anthony Marston's suspicious behavior? Justice Lawrence John Wargrave is the hidden main antagonist of Agatha Christie's mystery novel And Then There Were None. What was Dr. Armstrong's reason for going to an Indian Island? On a second reading, readers can track how Wargrave steers his fellow guests to react in specific ways. His personality is forceful, as he demonstrates by taking charge and insisting that everyone follow his procedures. Wargrave reminds him that in this weather, it is unlikely a boat would venture to the island. ATTWN Characters, Skeletons in the Closet, an, SpringBoard English Language Arts: Grade 10. I feel like its a lifeline. '', Ironically, Justice Wargrave turns out to be the only guest who was not, in fact, guilty of the accusation made against him. Ive no doubt in my own mind that we have been invited here by a madmanprobably a dangerous homicidal lunatic. (3.270). A large woodchopper leans against the wall with blood on it. This involves a second common formula of the genre, which is that the murderer will often hide behind function. Justice Wargrave grew tired of and letting the executioner have all the fun, "I have wanted-let me admit it frankly-to commit murder myself" (Christie 287). Wargrave is a former judge, and he was known as a hanging judge because he regularly gave harsh punishments. I'm all for crime!". Being the former justice of The Queens Bench, Sir Lawrence Wargrave is one of the eight individuals that were invited to the Indian Island. 34. Then he causes his death, confident that he can never be put on trial for his acts. He mentions that Seton, who, from the diaries kept on the island by Vera, Emily Brent and some notes by, Another piece of evidence is that the revolver was found in. In And Then There Were None, the murderer admits in the final chapter that he was born with an innate desire to cause suffering. Harry Potter Book Series | Overview, Characters & Facts, The Eve of St. Agnes by Keats: Summary & Analysis, The Adventure of the Dancing Men by Arthur Conan Doyle | Summary & Mystery, In a Station of the Metro by Ezra Pound | Poem Analysis & Literary Devices, Dejection: An Ode by Samuel Taylor Coleridge | Summary & Analysis, Monster in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley | Character, Traits & Analysis, SAT Subject Test Literature: Practice and Study Guide, 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, 11th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Holt McDougal Literature Grade 9 Common Core Edition: Online Textbook Help, Middle School Language Arts: Lessons & Help, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Study Guide, Create an account to start this course today. Emily Brent (female) mid-50's-60, She is a tall, thin spinster, with a disagreeable, suspicious face. He locks both and gives the key to the case to Lombard and the key to the cabinet to Blore, reasoning that since they are the strongest physically, one would be able to stop the other from obtaining the other key if one is the murderer. Struggling with distance learning? (b) How does word choice, tone, and the use of irony in these lines reveal the theme that war does not care about human suffering? Imagine Lawrence Wargrave like a big, freaky spider sitting in the middle of a web, just waiting for all the dumb flies to blunder into his trap, and youve got the picture. Justice Wargrave is the clever murderer in the mystery novel And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie. Open Document. . Vera, Lombard, and Blore spend a day trying to signal for rescue until Blore is killed by a dropped clock. He is obsessed with justice, and also with death, as he reveals at the end of the novel through a letter placed in a bottle and put in the ocean. flashcard sets. Armstrong claims that someone must have taken it. He makes sure that he has a reason for being at the island and brings all the necessary suppliesincluding a live bumblebee for Miss Brents murder. As a boy, he killed insects for sport, and he brings . Check out this little glimpse of Wargraves inner self, right after he heads back to his room: Carefully, Mr. Justice Wargrave removed his false teeth and dropped them into a glass of water. This expression, meaning a false clue, first popped up in British foxhunting circles. \hspace{4.5cm}PLANT LIFE SPANS. 17. Once the lights are out (or the door is closed . What is Justice Wargrave's reason for going to Indian Island? It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Justice Lawrence Wargrave: Lawrence Wargrave is a retired judge. Where does the expression red herring come from? This is especially true here. 48 lessons copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. A recently retired Judge who quickly re-assumes this role on the island, holding impromptu "court cases" after nearly every murder. Sitting on a deserted beach one evening, you watch as the last bit of the Sun approaches the horizon. And Then There Were None (Chap. Christopher identifies most with Holmes. The only people proven innocent are those who are dead. This was a term once used to describe a judge who was known for handing down harsh punishments, such as hanging when it was legal. She was laughing about the bees. | 2 But what if youre a writer doing the exact same thing? Rogers goes back downstairs and has a thought: he locks the dining room door so that no one has the opportunity to sneak in and take another of the ceramic Indians. The police Inspector who comes to the island in the epilogue sums up the evidence he finds, including ten bodies, the recording, and various notes and journals the guests kept before their demises. It accuses Justice Wargrave of murdering Edward Seton. Next. Justice wargrave character traits.Seton would then be acquitted and walk away a free man. Once the voice makes the murder accusations, Wargrave takes the lead in the group's investigation. Or did he? He meets with Wargrave later than night and is pushed into the sea and drowned. What is an example of a red herring argument? What's the difference between strawman and red herring? Armstrong is driving to the island, having been asked to report on the condition of Mr. Owen's ailing wife. The judge fakes his own death by pretending to have been shot in the head. One can either argue that the killings of the victims are justified because they are guilty, or argue that they are not because they are acts of deliberate murder. He plans it so his body will look like he died when his fellow guests believe he did, completing the illusion of ten bodies and no evident murderer. (Or maybe just 10,000 spoons.) 22. What was Phillip Lombard's reason for going to Indian Island? An elderly woman of unyielding principles, she alongside nine other guests are invited to Soldier Island where they are accused of committing a murder in a way that the law can not punish . Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Blore pulls Lombard aside and gives him his take on the situation. and no survivors. Suddenly, Rogers comes in and nervously asks if anyone has taken the bathroom curtain. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 She feels a prick, like a bee sting, on the side of her neck. Into that silence came The Voice. He is awoken from the dream by a frantic Mr. Rogers who tells him that Mrs. Rogers won't wake up. to commit a murder myself. Mr. Owen is one of us., There was a silencea comfortable replete silence. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. from the old woman in their care, but he had no way of proving it. We get a look into Wargraves head, but we dont get to look all the way in. The Question and Answer section for And Then There Were None is a great However, Dr. Armstrong draws some suspicion because he gives Mrs. Rogers a sedative the night she overdoses. He describes him as a man with ''that froglike face, that tortoiselike neck, that hunched-up attitude -- yes, and those pale, shrewd little eyes.''. What is the message of The Curious Incident? because the verse of the ten little soldier rhyme mentions being stung by a bee. What is an example of red herring? With his Harley Street practice, substantial wealth and enduring good looks, the confident and precise Dr Armstrong, who specialises in women's ailments, is by most measures a tremendous success. The Hobbit by J.R.R. Who is Justice Wargrave accused of killing? Vera Claythorne in And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie | Character Analysis & Description, Anthony Marston in And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie | Character & Role, William Blore in And Then There Were None, Emily Brent in And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie | Character & Analysis, Mr. Thomas Rogers in And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie | Character & Analysis, Dr. Armstrong in And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie| Death & Quotes, General MacArthur in And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie | Character & Analysis, Mrs. Rogers in And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie | Character Analysis, Ten Little Soldiers in And Then There Were None | Poem Summary & Analysis, Foreshadowing in And Then There Were None. Agatha Christie includes a second section in the epilogue: the killer's confession. Armstrong first received musical training during a stint in juvenile detention. Beatrice, in despair, subsequently killed herself. In what way does Dr Armstrong's guilt haunt his life? What was Phillip Lombard's suspicious behavior? no one has been running the engine that keeps the lights on since Rogers died. Tolkien Themes & Motifs | What is the Theme of The Hobbit? He was offered a lor of money. When Lawrence Wargrave murders nine unconvicted people, it is for his own pleasure and because his is a judge and loves justice, he chooses criminals who evaded a trial for murder. She killed a young boy in order to ensure that her lover got his inheritance. Who is Phillip Lombard accused of killing? Later, Armstrong ag. Armstrong has been tricked into being an accomplice. . What was Mrs. Rogers suspicious behavior? 3. "Don't stare like that! In what way does Dr Armstrong's guilt haunt his life? In order for the ending of the novel to satisfy the reader, there must be full indignation towards the murderer. Explain the distinction between the terms serial schedule and serializable schedule. The men retire an hour later, and Wargrave reminds them all to lock their doors. Why did Justice Wargrave kill everyone? They close the curtains and turn on a light to create a more relaxed atmosphere. LITERARYWORKTheSongoftheMudDICTIONTONEIRONYTHEME(S). Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Vera reminds him that he had opportunity when he went down to call the General to lunch. He was called a ''hanging judge.'' What is more, he is introduced as the honest judge who believes in upholding the laws to the fullest. In accordance with Agatha Christie, Judge Lawrence Wargrave was the ugliest person with a frog-like face, tortoise-like neck, and pale shrewd little eyes.Being on the Indian Island Lawrence Wargrave is the first one who realized that a homicidal manic haunted all the guests of this exotic place. 10. Lesson Summary. He explains how he determined the order of the murders. Accused of swaying a jury in order to obtain the conviction and death of Edward Seton. Dr. Armstrong tells everyone that General MacArthur. He got a letter from Constante. What is more important, the author of the book described this character as an ugly and wizened person. For Prom , Wedding , Photo Booth , Up Lighting . And within? But it takes little to expose his terrible temper, which sours life for all who cross his path. This leads Blore to believe that it is Miss Brent and her religious mania that must be the culprit. Rogers had been hit over the head with it. Lombard tells them that this is the killers touch of local colour! The killer likes to stick to his damnable nursery jingle as closely as possible! Wargrave asks if anyone brought a hypodermic needle, and Armstrong admits that he always travels with one. What was Justice Wargrave suspicious behavior? How was Dr. Armstrong persuaded to come out to Indian Island? This argument is a red herring because the mention of employee benefits distracts from the real point, that salaries will not be raised. Dr. Armstrong volunteers to get the General for lunch. The judge isn't dead. If I don't practice for two days, the critics know it. She suddenly feels somebody in the room, but she cannot turn around and scream. Armstrong is accused of murdering world-class cyclist Anna Moriah "Mo" Wilson, who she thought was a rival for her boyfriend's attention. The voice lists each guest by their full legal name, then specifies a murder that the individual committed, including the date and details of the murder. Justice Wargrave is the first of the people on the island to bring up the public matter of a homicidal maniac on the island, as well as realizing that the murderer is part of their group. Ouch. They were running now through Somerset. The last line had been, Seven little Indian boys chopping up sticks. The next line is, Six little Indian boys playing with a hive. Dr. Armstrong calms Vera and sends her and Miss Brent into the house to begin preparing breakfast. And he approves his logici.e., pats himself on the back for coming up with such a good story. He is charged with the death of Edward Seton. What news does Dr Armstrong bring to the others at lunch? First . . Complete your free account to request a guide. His choice of victims addressed his sense of justice. Definition. The murderer often plays the role of protector, or professional, in the novel. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie. He is described as a ''hanging judge'' who is known for giving out harsh punishments and finds himself on the island accused of murder. This convention works in the mind of the reader because it would seem unlikely that the killer would want to direct a search for him or herself. Just before the Sun disappears from sight, is the top of the Sun actually above or below the horizon? Lombard says he does not know what to make of it all but that he is sure it is murder. Why does Dr Armstrong slap Vera Claythorne across the face? As Miss Brent sits in the dining room, she begins to feel dizzy and to have a quiet buzzing in her ears, like a bee. Did Louis Armstrong go to juvenile detention? His professions of innocence may not be credible, but the Inspector who arrives at the island at the end verifies Wargrave's claim. Hint: A fallacy would be the use of false or flawed logic, often "wrong moves." On Soldier Island, Justice Wargrave gets to play God. Perpetrating the murders himself allowed him the chance to kill and to view death up close. He goes back to sleep before finally rising at nine thirty. Just kidding! He is found sitting in his chair wrapped with a curtain to represent a judge's robe. Introduction: My name is Errol Quitzon, I am a fair, cute, fancy, clean, attractive, sparkling, kind person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you. Armstrong about 1950 in his laboratory courtesy of National Library of Medicine, June 23, 1967 (aged 80) Bethesda, Maryland, Physician in the U.S. Public Health Service. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Here is an interesting side note: Judges in the UK used to (and still do) wear wigs as a part of their formal dress code. Whether you're organizing a birthday, family get-together, church fundraiser . He was a dope peddler who had gotten one of. For each sentence below, write the present participle, past, or past participle of the regular verb given in parentheses. "And Then There Were None Chapters 10-12 Summary and Analysis". To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Dr. A gullible, slightly timid doctor. The third device is that the murderer will often play the role of investigator. Anthony Marston gets a very short introduction, but what do you learn about him in that time? He is described as a '' hanging judge '' who is known for giving out harsh punishments and finds himself on the island accused of murder. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Our ten anti-heroes have been summoned to a Murder Island by a Dexter-esque vigilante (the truly fabulous Charles "Tywin Lannister" Dance, playing Justice Wargrave), confronted with their past crimes (they have each gotten away with a murder or MURDERS), and then killed in reverse order of their guilt (such that the least heinous people get . What was Justice Wargrave's suspicious behavior! He leads the others by being the first to share his story and declare his innocence. Oh, yes. Father: "Consider yourself lucky, son. In the novel And Then There Were None, Mr. Justice Lawrence John Wargrave was a retired judge. Even so, we could generally say that a red herring fallacy is often implied by the manipulative words used by a person. These are not the reactions of a man who simply performed an act of justice. The truth of the matter is revealed when a fishing boat finds the killer's confession, written in a letter in a bottle. Owen impersonated various old friends and specific acquaintances in the letters. If life were predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor. succeed. The other similarity between maniacal murders and writers is that they all have a little something of a god-complex. \hline \text { "Twister Hits Houston" } & & & \\ Legge wants to know who killed them, but there's very little evidence. . 2. Tricky. She tries to calm herself, telling herself that Cyril had drowned long before she had been able to reach the rock where he swam. Lombard wakes at dawn and hears the great wind from outside. Wargrave continues to nurture tension wherever he can. What is the message of The Curious Incident? Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Armstrong spent his youth singing on the street for spare change, but he didn't receive any formal musical training until age 11, when he was arrested for firing a pistol in the street during a New Year's Eve celebration. Here's All You Need To Know. . Evidence turned up later after he was hanged which proved that beyond any shadow of doubt.''. Dr. James Armstrong is a board-certified neurologist with sub-specialty interests in neuromuscular neurology, epilepsy and the diagnosis and treatment of complex neurological conditions. Vera allowed her spoiled student, Cyril Hamilton to swim past the rocks, even though she knew he wasn't strong enough to handle the . Furthermore, Armstrong is the one to find Macarthur dead. (E.193-194). It is perfectly clear. Well, were right about the judgment partand wrong about pretty much everything else. I have a definite sadistic delight in seeing or causing death. It is perfectly clear. The main theme in And Then There Were None is the meaning of justice. Justice Wargrave is alternately described as distinguished, elderly, frog-like, and tortoise-like. succeed. I recognized this as the desire of the artist to express himself! What is a red herring in the curious incident? 48 lessons (a) In lines 16-17 of "The Song of the Mud," the speaker describes the soldiers covered in mud as setting "a new style in clothing" and introducing "the chic of mud." What did Dr Armstrong dream during his first night on Soldier island? When the sea goes down, there will come from the mainland boats and men. 35. An error occurred trying to load this video. Explain. Wargrave faked his death to throw suspicion off himself. They all go to Lombards room to fetch his revolver and are shocked when he opens a drawer, and the revolver is not there. Armstrong often draws the suspicion of the other guests because of his medical knowledge. Vera Elizabeth Claythorne is the ninth to die, in the manner laid out in the poem. Red herrings are plot elements that lead the reader to think the story will proceed in one direction when the story actually goes another way. How would Dr Armstrong be characterized? Degati is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. LITERARYWORKDICTIONTONEIRONYTHEME(S)TheSongoftheMud\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline\text{LITERARY WORK} & \text{DICTION} & \text{TONE} & \text{IRONY} & \text{THEME(S)}\\ \hline \text{The Song of} \\ \text{the Mud}\\ \hline\end{array} From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Complete the table about plant life spans. GradeSaver, 8 November 2010 Web. 47. Why does Dr Armstrong slap Vera Claythorne across the face? 25. Who helped Justice Wargrave fake his death? What is an example of a red herring argument? (place). And, surreptitiously, they watched each other. The hurt remains, however, because she knows that Hugo, her true love, knew just from looking at her that she had been responsible for the death. Everyone feels better and starts to enjoy themselves after dinner. (Just so you know, we totally didnt pick up on that the first time, either.). Wargrave also explains his own early demise. What is Armstrongs theory about how Mr. and Mrs. Rogers killed Jennifer Brady? Justice Wargrave. Furthermore, Armstrong is the one to find Macarthur dead. He reminds them that she would not explain her accusation from the gramophone. Judge Lawrence Wargrave Character Analysis 2022-11-17 . Without warning, inhuman, penetrating . Going 80 mph, Tony is annoyed when he has to slow down for other cars. . \hline \text { "Fifteen" } & & & \\ However, Dr. Armstrong draws some suspicion because he gives Mrs. Rogers a sedative the night she overdoses. He signs the letter: Lawrence, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Bethany is a certified Special Education and Elementary teacher with 11 years experience teaching Special Education from grades PK through 5. In addition, anyone could have caused the deaths of General Macarthur and Mr. Rogers. : From "And Then There Were None" to "Ten", Although There Were None, but There Were Still Some Archetypes, Wargrave, Armstrong, Claythorne: The Guiltiest Characters in And Then There Were None, View the lesson plan for And Then There Were None, View Wikipedia Entries for And Then There Were None. What did Neil Armstrong say as he took the first step on the moon? She got injected with poison by a bee. Explain how these descriptions are examples of irony. Yes. In these chapters, the characters begin to turn on each other. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for And Then There Were None: The best-selling murder mystery of all time (Agatha Christie Collection) (English Edition) at Amazon.nl. Without warning, inhuman, penetrating . He had sentenced Edward Seton to death after a dubious trial. Armstrong insists that someone must have taken the needle, and the judge tells them that one of them must be the murderer. After the accusations, the guests begin to die one by one. Our fantastic range of inflatable games, bounce houses, slides and more has something to appeal to everyone. Vera, another guest on the island, sees Justice Wargrave as ''a very distinguished old gentleman.'' "This case should remind the public of the need to be vigilant and notify law enforcement if you see suspicious behavior." "I'm extremely glad to be announcing that we interdicted a potential terrorist attack, rather than outlining the FBI's response to yet another tragedy," said Assistant Director Delacourt of the . The important thing that should be mentioned is the fact that his identity as a murdered is unique since it differs from the other similar detective stories. "CaseyattheBat""Fifteen""TwisterHitsHouston"SettingCharactersPlot. No single person should be able to play judge, jury, and executioner. After the evidence has been presented, Armstrong comes outside to talk to someone about the situation on the island. To this point, there had been a loose unity of all the guests focused towards discovering who might be behind the deaths occurring on the island. He has worked as an English instructor, editor and writer for the past 10 years. Who is General Macarthur accused of killing? Smoked and salted herrings turn bright red in the curing process and emit a pungent, fishy smell. 1 / 10. Wargrave was brought to the island and accused of sentencing an innocent man, Edward Seton, to death. But if Wargrave is a spider, Christie is an even bigger one. That's right; he faked it. Wang, Bella ed. Create a list of books you want then share it with family and friends. When the voice booms over the speaker announcing the crimes, Wargrave's is described as follows ''Lawrence John Wargrave, that upon the 10th day of June 1930, you were guilty of the murder of Edward Seton.'' At the house, Rogers and Blore discuss who they believe might be the murderer. It's Me, Margaret Study Guide, Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing Study Guide, Praxis Reading for Virginia Educators: Elementary and Special Education (5306) Prep, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, And Then There Were None: Setting & Theme, And Then There Were None Chapter 9 Summary, And Then There Were None Chapter 12 Summary, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. He reminds Lombard that Miss Brent had been out wandering the island when Rogers was murdered. He satisfied his imaginative nature by arranging the killings according to a nursery rhyme. Although all of the guests sit together, none talks, and each becomes lost in his or her own suspicious thoughts. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Wargrave looks over and evaluates the given evidence . Justice Wargrave seems to be just like the other characters. 3 Pages. Initially presented as anti-hero/protagonist, Wargrave alongside nine other people, was "invited" to Soldier Island off the Devon Coast by the mysterious U.N . He is dead. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. What we must now examine is the possibility of eliminating one or more persons on the facts., Prisoners at the bar, have you anything to say in your defence?. . Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. LitCharts Teacher Editions.

How To Become A Member Of Endymion Krewe, Resmed Ip21 Manual, Articles J