96. 85. In order that they may make this firm resolution, keep it and put it into practice, an oft-repeated consideration of their state of life, and a diligent reflection on the sacrament they have received, will be of great assistance to them. This subjection, however, does not deny or take away the liberty which fully belongs to the woman both in view of her dignity as a human person, and in view of her most noble office as wife and mother and companion; nor does it bid her obey her husband's every request if not in harmony with right reason or with the dignity due to wife; nor, in fine, does it imply that the wife should be put on a level with those persons who in law are called minors, to whom it is not customary to allow free exercise of their rights on account of their lack of mature judgment, or of their ignorance of human affairs. [25] The love, then, of which We are speaking is not that based on the passing lust of the moment nor does it consist in pleasing words only, but in the deep attachment of the heart which is expressed in action, since love is proved by deeds. Why? CASTI CONNUBII ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS XI ON CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE TO THE VENERABLE BRETHREN, PATRIARCHS, PRIMATES, ARCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, AND OTHER LOCAL ORDINARIES ENJOYING PEACE AND COMMUNION WITH THE APOSTOLIC SEE. 91, a. I-2 . Roman Penitentiary 128. "[12] As St. Augustine admirably deduces from the words of the holy Apostle Saint Paul to Timothy[13] when he says: "The Apostle himself is therefore a witness that marriage is for the sake of generation: 'I wish,' he says, 'young girls to marry.' 116. ad Episc. Pope Pius XI's encyclical references and confirms Arcanum (1880) on Christian marriage by Pope Leo XIII. 34. Casti Connubii: On Christian Marriage. Summary Outline of Casti Connubii (On Christian Marriage or On Chastity in Marriage.) I, cap. She also asserts that it is "not in accord with science and definitely against social welfare and race improvement".[12]. Thus far, Venerable Brethren, We have admired with due reverence what the all wise Creator and Redeemer of the human race has ordained with regard to human marriage; at the same time we have expressed Our grief that such a pious ordinance of the divine Goodness should today, and on every side, be frustrated and trampled upon by the passions, errors and vices of men. However, Casti connubii also acknowledges the unitive aspect of intercourse as licit: Nor are those considered as acting against nature who in the married state use their right in the proper manner although on account of natural reasons either of time or of certain defects, new life cannot be brought forth. Arcanum divinae sapientiae, 10 Febr. Lambeth Conference (Anglican) accepts 4.61 avg rating 123 ratings published 1930 20 editions. 51. Some wish it to be allowed and left to the will of the father or the mother; others say it is unlawful unless there are weighty reasons which they call by the name of medical, social, or eugenic "indication." To bring forward a recent and clear example of what is meant, it has happened quite in consonance with right order and entirely according to the law of Christ, that in the solemn Convention happily entered into between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy, also in matrimonial affairs a peaceful settlement and friendly cooperation has been obtained, such as befitted the glorious history of the Italian people and its ancient and sacred traditions. What Is Marriage? Furthermore, Christian doctrine establishes, and the light of human reason makes it most clear, that private individuals have no other power over the members of their bodies than that which pertains to their natural ends; and they are not free to destroy or mutilate their members, or in any other way render themselves unfit for their natural functions, except when no other provision can be made for the good of the whole body. The Instruction Dignitas Connubii, on the norms to be observed at ecclesiastical tribunals in matrimonial proceedings, was compiled by the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts with the collaboration of the other most closely concerned Dicasteries of the Holy See.The Instruction was presented to journalists accredited to the Holy See Press Office . 799-822. . Encycl. 114. England in the case of adultery (or in the case of aggravated August., De Gen. ad litt., lib. Pope Pius XI turns his attention to some of the modern obstacles that pose a threat to the Catholic perspective on holy matrimony. The blessing of offspring, however, is not completed by the mere begetting of them, but something else must be added, namely the proper education of the offspring. ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS XI ON CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE TO THE VENERABLE BRETHREN, PATRIARCHS, PRIMATES, ARCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, AND OTHER LOCAL ORDINARIES ENJOYING PEACE AND COMMUNION WITH THE APOSTOLIC SEE. 47. Pope Leo XIIs writings, 41. Provision must be made also, in the case of those who are not self-supporting, for joint aid by private or public guilds. 2. et concup., lib. Certainly, if the latter day subverters of marriage are entirely devoted to misleading the minds of men and corrupting their hearts, to making a mockery of matrimonial purity and extolling the filthiest of vices by means of books and pamphlets and other innumerable methods, much more ought you, Venerable Brethren, whom "the Holy Ghost has placed as bishops, to rule the Church of God, which He hath purchased with His own blood,"[80] to give yourselves wholly to this, that through yourselves and through the priests subject to you, and, moreover, through the laity welded together by Catholic Action, so much desired and recommended by Us, into a power of hierarchical apostolate, you may, by every fitting means, oppose error by truth, vice by the excellent dignity of chastity, the slavery of covetousness by the liberty of the sons of God,[81] that disastrous ease in obtaining divorce by an enduring love in the bond of marriage and by the inviolate pledge of fidelity given even to death. children, allows it. From this it is clear that legitimately constituted authority has the right and therefore the duty to restrict, to prevent, and to punish those base unions which are opposed to reason and to nature; but since it is a matter which flows from human nature itself, no less certain is the teaching of Our predecessor, Leo XIII of happy memory:[7] "In choosing a state of life there is no doubt but that it is in the power and discretion of each one to prefer one or the other: either to embrace the counsel of virginity given by Jesus Christ, or to bind himself in the bonds of matrimony. August., De Gen. ad litt., lib. Arcanum divinae sapientiae, 10 Febr. Let them realize and diligently reflect upon the great wisdom, kindness and bounty God has shown towards the human race, not only by the institution of marriage, but also, and quite as much, by upholding it with sacred laws; still more, in wonderfully raising it to the dignity of a Sacrament by which such an abundant fountain of graces has been opened to those joined in Christian wedlock, that these may be able to serve the noble purposes of wedlock for their own welfare and for that of their children, of the community and also for that of human relationship. 51. 92. "No one who is guiltless may be punished by a human tribunal either by flogging to death, or mutilation, or by beating."[54]. Because this matter falls under the penal laws of the state by which the destruction of the offspring begotten but unborn is forbidden, these people demand that the "indication," which in one form or another they defend, be recognized as such by the public law and in no way penalized. 46. 55. When we consider the great excellence of chaste wedlock, Venerable Brethren, it appears all the more regrettable that particularly in our day we should witness this divine institution often scorned and on every side degraded. It reflects on its identity and the historical development it has . With great wisdom Our predecessor Leo XIII, of happy memory, in the Encyclical on Christian marriage which We have already mentioned, speaking of this order to be maintained between man and wife, teaches: "The man is the ruler of the family, and the head of the woman; but because she is flesh of his flesh and bone of his bone, let her be subject and obedient to the man, not as a servant but as a companion, so that nothing be lacking of honor or of dignity in the obedience which she pays. St. Augustine, the We are sorry to note that not infrequently nowadays it happens that through a certain inversion of the true order of things, ready and bountiful assistance is provided for the unmarried mother and her illegitimate offspring (who, of course must be helped in order to avoid a greater evil) which is denied to legitimate mothers or given sparingly or almost grudgingly. Encycl. It covered four major topics: the sanctity of marriage, opposition to eugenics, positions on birth control and the purpose of sexuality, and reaffirmation of the prohibition on abortion. Every sin committed as regards the offspring becomes in some way a sin against conjugal faith, since both these blessings are essentially connected. With reason, therefore, does the Sacred Council of Trent solemnly declare: "Christ Our Lord very clearly taught that in this bond two persons only are to be united and joined together when He said: 'Therefore they are no longer two, but one flesh'. Connubii. Yet in order that the grace of this sacrament may produce its full fruit, there is need, as we have already pointed out, of the cooperation of the married parties; which consists in their striving to fulfill their duties to the best of their ability and with unwearied effort. Cristianesimo nella storia 3/2013, pp. No one can fail to admire the divine Wisdom, Holiness and Goodness which, while respecting the dignity and happiness of husband and wife, has provided so bountifully for the conservation and propagation of the human race by a single chaste and sacred fellowship of nuptial union. Rerum novarum, 15 May 1891. 107. These enemies of marriage go further, however, when they substitute for that true and solid love, which is the basis of conjugal happiness, a certain vague compatibility of temperament. In the second place, they argue, the good of the child demands this, for either it will be deprived of a proper education or the natural fruits of it, and will too easily be affected by the discords and shortcomings of the parents, and drawn from the path of virtue. Gen., I, 27-28; II, 22-23; Matth., XIX, 3 sqq. The reaction was generally negative throughout the world, and His Holiness Pope Pius XI immediately . For Christ has provided her with heavenly doctrines and divine sacraments, that He might make her an effectual teacher of men. Its teaching on marriage and the family and the norms of morality shaped by a sound understanding of the value of marriage and family life should not, however, be lost. By these gifts the parties are assisted not only in understanding, but in knowing intimately, in adhering to firmly, in willing effectively, and in successfully putting into practice, those things which pertain to the marriage state, its aims and duties, giving them in fine right to the actual assistance of grace, whensoever they need it for fulfilling the duties of their state. Since, therefore, the conjugal act is destined primarily by nature for the begetting of children, those who in exercising it deliberately frustrate its natural power and purpose sin against nature and commit a deed which is shameful and intrinsically vicious. Catholic doctrine has always[citation needed] considered matrimony to be a most holy state of life for those called to the married life (Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica; Augustine of Hippo On the Goods of Marriage). If the civil power combines in a friendly manner with the spiritual power of the Church, it necessarily follows that both parties will greatly benefit. 86. Edit Details On the one hand we see a wonderful strengthening of goodwill and cooperation in the daily life of husband and wife, while, on the other, both of these are miserably weakened by the presence of a facility for divorce. How great a boon of God this is, and how great a blessing of matrimony is clear from a consideration of man's dignity and of his sublime end. . For matrimonial faith demands that husband and wife be joined in an especially holy and pure love, not as adulterers love each other, but as Christ loved the Church. Do 113. "[59] On the other hand, the house built upon a rock, that is to say on mutual conjugal chastity and strengthened by a deliberate and constant union of spirit, will not only never fall away but will never be shaken by adversity. 129. At the same time they maintain that in all beyond this germinal idea matrimony, through various concurrent causes, is invented solely by the mind of man, established solely by his will. But they are mistaken who think that these means are able to establish chastity in the nuptial union, or that they are more effective than supernatural grace. It is of no use to appeal to the right of taking away life for here it is a question of the innocent, whereas that right has regard only to the guilty; nor is there here question of defense by bloodshed against an unjust aggressor (for who would call an innocent child an unjust aggressor? Therefore although the sacramental element may be absent from a marriage as is the case among unbelievers, still in such a marriage, inasmuch as it is a true marriage there must remain and indeed there does remain that perpetual bond which by divine right is so bound up with matrimony from its first institution that it is not subject to any civil power. Wikipedia (18 entries) edit. Casti Connubii Vatican Translation of the Encyclical Letter of Pope Pius XI on Christian Marriage. With divorce rates increasing and the popularity of alternative lifestyles, Casti Connubii warned that the new attitudes would jeopardize the benefits and purposes of marriage. What is asserted in favor of the social and eugenic "indication" may and must be accepted, provided lawful and upright methods are employed within the proper limits; but to wish to put forward reasons based upon them for the killing of the innocent is unthinkable and contrary to the divine precept promulgated in the words of the Apostle: Evil is not to be done that good may come of it. And the objections brought against the firmness of the marriage bond are easily answered. "[39], 39. "[83], 111. In contrast, the Roman Catholic Church, in the encyclical of Pius XI Casti Connubii (1930; "On Christian Marriage") and in the encyclical of Paul VI Humanae Vitae (1968; "On Human Life"), completely rejected any kind of contraception, a position confirmed by Paul's successors as pope in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. 8. i protivi se pobaaju.. Enciklika je nastala kao odgovor na promjene u drutvu.U to vrijeme postojao je pokret kojeg je vodila Margaret Sanger. There are those, moreover, who ask that the public authorities provide aid for these death-dealing operations, a thing, which, sad to say, everyone knows is of very frequent occurrence in some places. 76. All these things which, Venerable Brethren, prompted by Our past solicitude We put before you, We wish according to the norm of Christian prudence to be promulgated widely among all Our beloved children committed to your care as members of the great family of Christ, that all may be thoroughly acquainted with sound teaching concerning marriage, so that they may be ever on their guard against the dangers advocated by the teachers of error, and most of all, that "denying ungodliness and worldly desires, they may live soberly and justly, and godly in this world, looking for the blessed hope and coming of the glory of the great God and Our Savior Jesus Christ."[98]. Now all those arguments that are brought forward to prove the indissolubility of the marriage tie, arguments which have already been touched upon, can equally be applied to excluding not only the necessity of divorce, but even the power to grant it; while for all the advantages that can be put forward for the former, there can be adduced as many disadvantages and evils which are a formidable menace to the whole of human society. 97. Summary Outline of Casti Connubii by Pope Pius XI (1930) - Also the history of various events concerning divorce and contraception that lead up to the encyclical. This emancipation in their ideas must be threefold, in the ruling of the domestic society, in the administration of family affairs and in the rearing of the children. to contraception and thus immoral, and some historians consider two 1951 speeches by Pope Pius XII[11] to be the first explicit church acceptance of natural family planning. $3.95. Soon after Lambeth, on December 31, 1930, Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical Casti Connubii ("of chaste marriage") reaffirming the historical Church teaching that contraception is a "grave sin." The leaders of the birth control movement took offense at the encyclical and derided the pope. This might well be a striking example to all of how, even in this our own day (in which, sad to say, the absolute separation of the civil power from the Church, and indeed from every religion, is so often taught), the one supreme authority can be united and associated with the other without detriment to the rights and supreme power of either thus protecting Christian parents from pernicious evils and menacing ruin. Others say that they cannot on the one hand remain continent nor on the other can they have children because of the difficulties whether on the part of the mother or on the part of family circumstances. St. Augustine, and any attempts to unnaturally limit the number of children a couple has is reaffirmed as sinful and dangerous to a Christian relationship. But no reason, however grave, may be put forward by which anything intrinsically against nature may become conformable to nature and morally good. This course will study the personal character and meaning of the body as a foundation for sexual ethics. But everyone can see to how many fallacies an avenue would be opened up and how many errors would become mixed with the truth, if it were left solely to the light of reason of each to find it out, or if it were to be discovered by the private interpretation of the truth which is revealed. Since, however, We have spoken fully elsewhere on the Christian education of youth,[18] let Us sum it all up by quoting once more the words of St. Augustine: "As regards the offspring it is provided that they should be begotten lovingly and educated religiously,"[19] - and this is also expressed succinctly in the Code of Canon Law - "The primary end of marriage is the procreation and the education of children."[20]. 108. Casti Connubii was the first time the Catholic Church clearly stated its position on eugenics, and came out during a period of great discussion for eugenic measures and legislation across the . Now it is certain that both by the law of nature and of God this right and duty of educating their offspring belongs in the first place to those who began the work of nature by giving them birth, and they are indeed forbidden to leave unfinished this work and so expose it to certain ruin. This conformity of wedlock and moral conduct with the divine laws respective of marriage, without which its effective restoration cannot be brought about, supposes, however, that all can discern readily, with real certainty, and without any accompanying error, what those laws are. Now when We come to explain, Venerable Brethren, what are the blessings that God has attached to true matrimony, and how great they are, there occur to Us the words of that illustrious Doctor of the Church whom We commemorated recently in Our Encyclical Ad salutem on the occasion of the fifteenth centenary of his death:[9] "These," says St. Augustine, "are all the blessings of matrimony on account of which matrimony itself is a blessing; offspring, conjugal faith and the sacrament. 35. Nevertheless, since it is a law of divine Providence in the supernatural order that men do not reap the full fruit of the Sacraments which they receive after acquiring the use of reason unless they cooperate with grace, the grace of matrimony will remain for the most part an unused talent hidden in the field unless the parties exercise these supernatural powers and cultivate and develop the seeds of grace they have received. Casti connubii (O kesanskm manelstv) je encyklika vyhlen papeem Piem XI. It is a restatement and str. Roman Penitentiary and Holy Office repeatedly The encyclical letter Casti Connubii of Pope Pius XI, published more than ninety years ago, has faded from view and virtually from memory. The clearest proof that Ibranyi's interpretation of Casti Connubii namely, that it condemns NFP as just another form of contraceptionis incorrect is that Pius XI did not interpret his own encyclical that way. In such things undoubtedly both parties enjoy the same rights and are bound by the same obligations; in other things there must be a certain inequality and due accommodation, which is demanded by the good of the family and the right ordering and unity and stability of home life. Also fantastic for both those who are newly wed and even for those who have been married many years. Wherefore, since the chief obstacle to this study is the power of unbridled lust, which indeed is the most potent cause of sinning against the sacred laws of matrimony, and since man cannot hold in check his passions, unless he first subject himself to God, this must be his primary endeavor, in accordance with the plan divinely ordained. As the salient features of the religious character of all marriage and particularly of the sacramental marriage of Christians have been treated at length and supported by weighty arguments in the encyclical letters of Leo XIII, letters which We have frequently recalled to mind and expressly made our own, We refer you to them, repeating here only a few points. It also took a strong stand against forced sterilizations. December 31, 1930. publication date. 34; Act. Copyright Dicastero per la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana. The second part of Casti Connubii addresses what Pius XI saw as evils threatening marriage and the family all over the world. "[97] To this fundamental norm are added further clauses in the common pact. Encycl. Some justify this criminal abuse on the ground that they are weary of children and wish to gratify their desires without their consequent burden. They are greatly deceived who having underestimated or neglected these means which rise above nature, think that they can induce men by the use and discovery of the natural sciences, such as those of biology, the science of heredity, and the like, to curb their carnal desires. 26. Revolutionierung der Ehe, in the German XXIII, II: De ritu nuptiarum), lib. Only a year and a . Those who act in this way are at fault in losing sight of the fact that the family is more sacred than the State and that men are begotten not for the earth and for time, but for Heaven and eternity. This encyclical reaffirms that marriage is a sacrament, and a means to sanctifying grace.[3]. 82. Wir haben uns die Zeit genommen , den Gegenstand grndlich zu bewerten und zu bewerten, um Ihnen eine umfassende Summary seiner Eigenschaften zu liefern. S. Officii, 2 March 1679, propos. It also explained the authority of Church doctrine on moral matters, and advocated that civil governments follow the . August., De nupt. 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