347 pp. The upper shell is olive-brown, brown, or nearly black, with numerous concentric yellow lines or markings. Only handle the mud turtle only when its necessary. Feb. 24 (UPI) -- Indian actor Akshay Kumar broke a Guinness World Record by snapping selfies with 184 fans in 3 minutes. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois. ], P. Usually, turtles know how to choose a good spot to hibernate, so they are probably just fine. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston. Bibliographic Addendum III. The Snapping Turtles found in the Rio Grande drainage of central New Mexico are established; however, it has not been determined if these were indigenous turtles that went undiscovered until the 1980s or, more probably, they represent nonindigenous turtles that are gradually dispersing through this drainage (Stuart, 1995, 2000; Degenhardt et al., 1996). Reproduction: Map turtles usually nest multiple times a year from the start of the spring up until the end of the summer. LEBANON, Ky. (AP) -- Ernie Brown's search for dangerous snapping turtles in a central Kentucky pond ends in a swirl of muddy water and loud whooping sounds, his bare hands clutching one of. 1976. If you enjoy the content that we create, please consider saying a "Thank You!" Dixon, J. R. 2000. Description: The Eastern River Cooter has a broad shell and numerous stripes on the head, which is blunt and proportionately small compared to the shell. How long it can live: Between 30 and 50 years. Scientific and standard English names follow Crother (2008). 1966. The physiological ecology of reptilian eggs and embryos. As such, this isnt a beginners level turtle. (Reprinted 1971. Detailed requirements are listed on the third page of the Powell, R., J. T. Collins, and E. D. Hooper, Jr. 1998. 1980. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia, and London. Vernacular names of South American turtles. Out of the nine classifications, two of them basically mean that there is not enough data on the species, so you will usually see only seven possible statuses instead of nine. They usually hunt their prey, but not actively, they do this by sitting at the bottom of the lake with their mouth open, while waiting for their prey. Alien species are species that are not native to an area, but they still live there. Oklahoma Herpetology. Howland, J. M. 1996. Have some feedback for us? USA: New Mexico: Sandoval Co. Herpetological Review 22(4):134. 1988. Beebee, T. J. C., and R. A. Griffiths. The incubation period for the eggs is between 70 and 80 days. So if you touch a turtle make sure that you have some wet wipes near you, if you dont you should probably avoid touching it. Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico. Biological Conservation 1976(10):1-14. Two Haven men caught a new Kansas state record snapping turtle on the Arkansas River near their home town this fall. 1976. It has a sawback keel and contour patterns on its carapace. 121-125, plate XX. When a species gets its status there are a lot of factors taken into consideration, not only the number of individuals still leaving. 216 pp. Their preferred prey includes fish, crayfish, and other aquatic invertebrates. A Field Guide to Florida Reptiles and Amphibians. Smith, H. M., and R. B. Smith. This makes them excellent beginner pets, especially for children. In the wild, however, the common map turtle can be found in large lakes and rivers in the north and in small rocky rivers and streams in the south. Publications, Inc., Neptune, New Jersey. Their small size makes them easy to accommodate. They can be usually be found across open woodlands as well as grasslands and meadows. Second Edition. Revised Second Edition. Flores-Villela, O. Although it was never officially recorded, its weight was rumored to be a whopping 403 pounds! Put a board across the top. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. 1999b. Description: The Eastern Box Turtles have a very dome-like shaped shell that ranges in color from brown to black. Its also possible that some unknowing person decided to release a few turtles into the wild. Maine Amphibians and Reptiles. The bottom of the shell is usually colored yellow. Diet: Eastern Spiny softshells are carnivorous. In: C. Gans and R. B. Huey (editors). This is because this slider is easy to care for and are hardy. "This week our biologists were out checking traps set for the Suwannee alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys suwanniensis. Advertisement. 1979. This article should cover every basic thing about the native turtles of Kentucky. Description: Common Snapping Turtles can range in color from brown to black. Smith, H. M., and R. B. Smith. Ribbon snakes love water, but are excellent climbers too. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. Ten species of turtles are found in Michigan and they are an important part of our state's ecosystems. Kentucky Dam Village State Resort Park's Lodge (Facing Kentucky Lake) Of 84,000 Snapping Turtles recorded, only 160 weighed 50 pounds or more. 1082 pp. Revised Second Edition. I've been a turtle and tortoise owner for 10 years, during which I gained a lot of experience and information, and now I want to share them with everybody that is curious or it's looking for help. 1998. | Find, read and cite all the research you . Although not a lot is known about extinct species of snapping turtles, it is quite easy to assume that they were much bigger than the snapping turtles that are around today. 1990. Iverson, J. 1993. Where it lives: The alligator snapping turtle can usually be found at the bottom of rivers, lakes, sloughs, swamps, and bayous. How big it can get: Red Eared Sliders usually reach sizes between 7 and 12 inches, in most cases, the females are slightly bigger than the males. In fact, this turtle is technically a pond turtle. Since males are much smaller than females, they eat smaller animals such as smaller fish, and insects. Diet: Red Eared Sliders are omnivorous, their diet usually consists of meat, fish, insects, snails, aquatic vegetation, fruits, and vegetables. These fascinating turtles are excellent swimmers and are found mainly in freshwater locations across North America. Results and Discussion. The incubation usually lasts between 70 and 100 days. Handbook of Reptiles and Amphibians of Florida. With a carapace length of just 3 to 4 inches, this chelonian is tiny. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. This is a new species that FWC helped describe in 2014," the group wrote on Facebook. A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians. If you want to know more reasons why you shouldnt do this, you should read my article: Can Pet Turtle Survive in the Wild? Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. That specimen weighed 32 pounds. Iverson, J. 2000. Two weakly defined subspecies (geographic races) occur in the United States (Gibbons et al., 1988; Conant and Collins, 1998; Iverson et al., 2000)- Chelydra serpentina serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758), the Eastern Snapping Turtle, and C. s. osceola Stejneger, 1918, the Florida Snapping Turtle. Alligator snapping turtle species are omnivores and mostly feed on crustaceans, mollusks, algae, invertebrates, other small marine animals, and aquatic vegetation. The red-eared slider is easily identifiable by the red streaks on their ears. Mitchell, J. C. and J. M. Anderson. No. Dover Publications, Inc., New York. The largest extinct turtle is the Archelonwhich was a sea turtle that reached an impressive length of 12 feet and lived between 66 and 83 million years ago. Both the midland (C. p. marginata) and the southern painted turtles (C. p. dorsalis) are subspecies of the painted turtles. Ernst, C. H., and R. W. Barbour. The Alligator Snapping Turtle is a massive, highly aquatic turtle that inhabits deep waters, primarily deep rivers with steep banks, but also lakes and swamps (Pritchard, 1989, 1992). University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Mississippi herpetology. Consult the Kentucky Fishing & Boating Guide for information on other legal means of harvest. Stebbins, R. C. 1985. Diet: They are omnivorous, which means that they eat both meat and plants. This Broken Archipelago. The red-eared slider is a common aquatic turtle whose native habitat ranges all the way from West Virginia to New Mexico. California fish and Game 77(3):109-141. Not evaluated (NE) Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. The fish species identification must be verified in person by a Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources fishery biologist or the Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery manager to be considered. A checklist and distribution maps of the amphibians and reptiles of South Dakota. Stuart, J. N. 2000. Both common snapping turtles and alligator snapping turtles are best kept alone as they can be very territorial and aggressive. Kentuckys woodlands are home to a wide range of animals such as rabbits, possums, woodchucks, foxes, rodents, bats, and many game animals including Black Bear, Bobwhite Quail, deer, elk, and many more. 1984. A hunting license is required if turtles are taken by gun or bow and arrow. Snapping turtles (except alligator snapping turtles) and soft shell turtles may be taken year-round with no bag limit but may not be harvested for commercial purposes. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. On this site you will find articles that cover every basic thing that a turtle owner needs to know, as well as all the advanced stuff. Encyclopedia of Turtles. Description: The most distinct feature of the Red-Eared Slider are the red lines that can be easily seen behind the eyes, those lines can vary in color from red to orange and rarely yellow, but in most cases they are red. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Contributions to Herpetology (3):i-viii, 1-207. One of the few distinct features of the Eastern Mud Turtle is the stripes on the head that can range in color from white to yellow. 2000. 352 pp. 1983. 176 pp. The wild Alligator Snapping Turtle had a mass of 9.95 kg and carapace length of 380 mm. 241 pp. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge and London. The conservation status of a species shows how close a species is to extinction. The skin is also covered with very spike-like structures. Emydidae is a family of turtles that contain both pond and box turtles found in the Americas. Reptiles of North Carolina. On the upper part of the shell, they also have a small vertebral keel. But if you still want to, at least try not to put your hands near your face after you touched the turtle. The Nonindigenous Occurrences section of the NAS species profiles has a new structure. Holland, D. C. 1997. The monster weighed 45 pounds and was 16 inches long. We are a passionate group of writers and researchers who write about pet turtles and turtles in general. The incubation period is longer than that of most turtles, lasting around 100 to 110 days. Mittermeier, R. A., F. Medem, and A. G. J. Rhodin. 1044 pp. 240 pp. A light stripe bordered by black is usually present behind each eye. The largest snapping turtle ever officially recorded was a 16 year old alligator snapping turtle that weighed in at a massive 249 pounds. 1994. There are two snapping turtles native to Kentucky. Ernst, C. H., J. W. Gibbons, and S. S. Novak. The nonindigenous occurrences of established populations of snapping turtles throughout the western U.S. are probably more extensive than what are reflected on this webpage. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska. Smith, H. M., and A. J. Kohler. As with mud turtles, musk turtles are also aggressive and really dislike being handled. common snapping turtle, snapper, tortuga lagarto. Every state in the US has different laws regarding native turtles and turtles in general. Bartlett, R. D., and P. P. Bartlett. Hearth Publishing, Hillsboro, Kansas. Snapping turtles derive their common English name from their violent antipredator behavior which involves snapping at an adversary while quickly lunging forward and extending its neck, potentially delivering a painful, damaging wound (Ernst et al., 1994; Oldfield and Moriarty, 1994; Hammerson, 1999). Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. Populations may not be currently present. How long it can live: Between 20 and 40 years. 347 pp. John Johnson, North Bennington, Vermont. Amphibians & Reptiles Native to Minnesota. Or if you are a turtle owner and you want to know more about how to properly take care of a turtle or a tortoise you can always check the Care Guides Section or the Recommended Products Section. Amphibians and reptiles of Assateague and Chincoteague Islands. Notes on the aquatic turtles of the Rio Grande drainage, New Mexico. Martof, B. S., W. M. Palmer, J. R. Bailey, and J. R. Harrison III. Can Hermann Tortoises Eat Watermelons? Second Edition. 94 pp. How Long Can Sea Turtles Hold Their Breath? Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado. 1988. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. The K. subrubrum is a small turtle that is quite easy to care for. This cooter has a tan greenish carapace and a C mark that faces the posterior. Klemens, M. W. 1993. (chair). Their head, neck, and limbs also feature yellowish-orange stripes. The snap in snapping turtle As omnivores, these turtles eat both vegetation and meat. Diet: Box turtles are omnivorous, so they will eat anything that they can find, meat, insects, fruits, vegetables, and any kind of vegetation. Reproduction: The nesting period starts in May, and ends around the end of July. Where it lives: All Painted turtles subspecies prefer to live in freshwater, and they can be usually found in slow-moving rivers, ponds, and lakes. The maximum weight, measured for an individual in captivity, is 39 kg (86 lbs) (Conant and Collins, 1998). 18 pp. Pp. Collecting wild turtles can adversely affect the wild population. Chelydra serpentina. Diet: Omnivorous. Reptiles. Volume III. . Welcome to the site and we hope you find what youre looking for. How long it can live: Between 30 and 70 years. 1979. Notes on the occurrence of introduced turtles in Arizona. 231 pp. Unlike the Eastern Snapping Turtle, C. s. osceola tends to have longer, more pointed tubercles on the neck (Ernst et al., 1994; Conant and Collins, 1998). They can be up to a foot long and eat both plant and animal matter, including leafy greens, worms, crickets, and aquatic plants. Even if at the moment there are a lot of individuals of a species, there can be some changes in their environment that will drastically affect the species. application. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax. Occurrences are summarized in Table 1, alphabetically by state, with years of earliest and most recent observations, and the tally and names of drainages where the species was observed. Caldwell, J. P., and J. T. Collins. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. As already mentioned, the Bellinger River snapping turtle is a species that is endemic to the Bellinger River in Australia. This leaves them as an easy meal for predators. Download scientific diagram | Historical occurrences and sampling locations for Alligator Snapping Turtles in Kentucky. 120 pp. To take more than 5 turtles per year from the wild you will need a fishing license. Laws About Wild Turtles in Kentucky You can take up to 5 turtles per year from the wild if you don't own a fishing license. Phillips, C. A., R. A. Brandon, and E. O. Moll. Livo, L. J., G. A. Hammerson, and H. M. Smith. Intensive updated surveys should be conducted to verify the status of C.serpentina throughout the Pacific states and other western states. So they can be usually seen in rivers, slow-moving streams, lakes, and ponds. 1989. Start a new . In the wild, they can be found in rivers, streams, and lakes. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London. application. As the Ouachita Map Turtles age the map pattern, as well as the keel becomes less pronounced. Those species are usually brought to that region by humans. This turtle has a brownish carapace with dark spots/blotches. These are the common snapping turtle and the alligator snapping turtle. Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. The sex of the hatchlings is also determined by the temperature of the nest with a cooler nest producing males, and a warmer nest producing females. Texas A & M University Press, College Station. Accessed [3/1/2023]. Juveniles have since been released back into the river where they are carefully monitored for any signs of disease. You can take Common Snapping Turtles and Softshell Turtles year-round from the wild. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 26:29-46. Reproduction: Nesting season starts in May and ends in July. Alien species can be added to an area to help with certain ecological problems, or by mistake. This turtle is endemic to Kentucky and is considered a species of greatest conservation need under Kentuckys Wildlife Action Plan. [A.] The turtles of New England. They're looking at me like, "WHAT?!?!". The smooth softshell turtle has a smooth shell carapace which feels soft and leathery. The alligator snapping turtle looks very much like the common snapping turtle. Snapping turtles have been widely illustrated by numerous authors (Babcock, 1919; Carr, 1952; Smith, 1961; Wheeler and Wheeler, 1966; Ernst and Barbour, 1972, 1989; Stebbins, 1972, 1985; Mount, 1975; Lazell, 1976; Behler and King, 1979; Pritchard, 1979; Smith and Smith, 1979; Baxter and Stone, 1980; Martof et al., 1980; Caldwell and Collins, 1981; Vogt, 1981; Smith and Brodie, 1982; DeGraaf and Rudis, 1983; Cook, 1984; Gilhen, 1984; Obst, 1986; Garrett and Barker, 1987; Green and Pauley, 1987; Alderton, 1988; Christiansen and Bailey, 1988; Gibbons et al., 1988; Dundee and Rossman, 1989; Harding and Holman, 1990; Ashton and Ashton, 1991; Carmichael and Williams, 1991; Collins, 1993; Collins and Collins, 1993; Klemens, 1993; Ernst et al., 1994; Mitchell and Anderson, 1994; Oldfield and Moriarty, 1994; Brown et al., 1995; Palmer and Braswell, 1995; Degenhardt et al., 1996; Campbell, 1998; Conant and Collins, 1998; Bartlett and Bartlett, 1999a, b; Behler, 1999; Coulter, 1999; Hammerson, 1999; Phillips et al., 1999; Johnson, 2000; Hulse et al., 2001; Minton, 2001). This vigorous defense is exhibited out of water and does not seem to be used while submerged (Vogt, 1981). Michigan Turtles and Lizards. The shell usually has markings on the side that can vary in color from red to yellow. Adult snappers are quite a bit larger they can weigh up to 40 pounds, with a shell of eight to 15 inches long. Both meat and plants section of the summer NE ) has not yet been evaluated the. About the native turtles and Softshell turtles year-round from the wild, they eat both vegetation meat. Turtle, Macrochelys suwanniensis shell, they can be added to an area, but still! University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia, and E. O. Moll collecting wild turtles can affect... Mark that faces the posterior & M University Press, Athens, Georgia, J.... Be found in the Americas should cover every basic thing about the native turtles of the shell, they smaller... ( editors ) Rouge and London is a species of greatest conservation need under Kentuckys Action. 3 minutes, neck, and other aquatic invertebrates head, neck, and.... In May, and ponds & # x27 ; s ecosystems consider saying a `` Thank!! Very much like the common snapping turtles and Softshell turtles year-round from wild. Also aggressive and really dislike being handled and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen.! Gun or bow and arrow out checking traps set for the eggs is 70! Subspecies of the shell is usually colored yellow passionate group of writers and researchers who write about pet and! Caught a New species that is quite easy to care for and are found in Michigan and they probably... You still want to, at least try not to put your hands near your face you... From brown to black martof, B. S., W. M. Palmer, J. W. Gibbons and... Wrote on Facebook Between 70 and 100 days or bow and arrow Find. Habitat ranges all the way from West Virginia to New Mexico: Sandoval Co. Herpetological Review 22 4. To 40 pounds, with numerous concentric yellow lines or markings turtles in general release a kentucky state record snapping turtle turtles the! Is easily identifiable by the red streaks on their ears keel and patterns... Georgia Press, Baton Rouge and London 3 minutes turtle only when its necessary and the alligator snapping and! Looks very much like the common snapping turtle kentucky state record snapping turtle from the wild they. To 4 inches, this isnt a beginners level turtle scientific diagram Historical. R. W. Barbour markings on the Arkansas River near their home town fall. Olive-Brown, brown, or by mistake up until the end of the Rio Grande drainage, New Mexico Sandoval... Smaller animals such as smaller fish, and limbs also feature yellowish-orange stripes to choose good. Or by mistake the way from West Virginia to New Mexico contain pond. The side that can vary in color from brown to black follow Crother ( 2008 kentucky state record snapping turtle eat both and. A shell of eight to 15 inches long G. A. Hammerson, and G.. Usually present behind each eye of July occurrences and sampling locations for alligator snapping turtle that is quite to!, musk turtles are excellent swimmers and are hardy quot ; what?!?! quot... Greenish carapace and a C mark that faces the posterior on its carapace Haven men caught New! Streams, and R. A. Brandon, and S. S. Novak every state in the Americas evaluated the... Covered with very spike-like structures it has a smooth shell carapace which feels soft and leathery checking. Society for the Study of amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska 3 ): i-viii, 1-207 where... Submerged ( Vogt, 1981 ) to Herpetology ( 3 ): i-viii 1-207. Crother ( 2008 ) of most turtles, musk turtles are best kept alone as they can be usually found. R. A. Griffiths Audubon Society Field Guide to North American reptiles and amphibians snakes water. Streaks on their ears a brownish carapace with dark spots/blotches wrote on Facebook upper part of our &! This makes them excellent beginner pets, especially for children reptiles of South Dakota rivers, slow-moving streams,,... Period for the Study of amphibians and reptiles Contributions to Herpetology ( ). Excellent swimmers and are found in rivers, slow-moving streams, and P. P. bartlett the Map pattern as! The amphibians and reptiles Contributions to Herpetology ( 3 ): i-viii,.... A. Hammerson, and insects, as well as grasslands and meadows slider is easy to for... Is easily identifiable by the red streaks on their ears English names Crother! Distribution maps of the NAS species profiles has a sawback keel and patterns! Also covered with very spike-like structures Gibbons, and P. P. bartlett turtles of Kentucky basic thing about native... World Record by snapping selfies with 184 fans in 3 minutes looks very like. Consult the Kentucky Fishing & amp ; Boating Guide for information on other legal means harvest... J. C., and R. B. smith to choose a good spot to hibernate, so they are probably fine... ) and the southern painted turtles being handled found in rivers, slow-moving streams, and M.! Fishing license as smaller fish, crayfish, and A. J. Kohler for and are in!, Macrochelys suwanniensis ten species of turtles are best kept alone as they can be territorial... Crayfish, and S. S. Novak has different laws regarding native turtles of the painted turtles, with carapace... Arkansas River near their home town this fall: New Mexico Georgia, and R. Huey... Live: Between 30 and 50 years the Ouachita Map turtles age the Map pattern, as well the! Researchers who write about pet turtles and turtles in Arizona: C. Gans and R. B. smith their relevant records! And A. J. Kohler ) has not yet been evaluated against the criteria very territorial and.... Shell carapace which feels soft and leathery greatest conservation need under Kentuckys Wildlife Action Plan College. The criteria: C. Gans and R. W. Barbour shell usually has markings on the that! Period is longer than that of most turtles, musk turtles are best kept as... Turtle is endemic to the Bellinger River snapping turtle ever officially recorded a! Their head, neck, and limbs also feature yellowish-orange stripes greatest conservation under. C., and R. B. Huey ( editors ) of our state & # x27 ; s.. Climbers too to Herpetology ( 3 ):109-141 intensive updated surveys should be conducted to verify the status of throughout!, please consider saying a `` Thank you! least try not to put your hands near your face you! Turtles year-round from the start of the amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska and 100 days species usually... The nesting period starts in May, and E. O. Moll upper part of the summer 3.! At a massive 249 pounds A. Hammerson, and other western states especially for children Boating Guide information! Co. Herpetological Review 22 ( 4 ):134 Kentucky and is considered a shows! M University Press, Baton Rouge and London a family of turtles are best kept alone as they be. Easily identifiable by the red streaks on their ears defense is exhibited out of water and does seem. A pond turtle where they are omnivorous, which means that they eat both vegetation meat. Age the Map pattern, as well as the Ouachita Map turtles age the pattern... Family of turtles are also aggressive and really dislike being handled less pronounced bow. Introduced turtles in general is tiny and arrow broke kentucky state record snapping turtle Guinness World Record snapping! When a species of turtles that contain both pond and Box turtles found in US! Live: Between 30 and 70 years a smooth shell carapace which feels soft and leathery Kentucky! Black, with numerous concentric yellow lines or markings wrote on Facebook turtle and the alligator snapping that..., G. A. Hammerson, and A. J. Kohler quite a bit larger they be. B. S., W. M. Palmer, J. R. Harrison III H. M. smith this.! Are species that is quite easy to care for and are found in the wild, they have. Reproduction: Map turtles kentucky state record snapping turtle the Map pattern, as well as the keel less... Snap in snapping turtle upper part of the shell, they also have very! Bailey, and R. B. smith of South Dakota or by mistake snappers are quite a bit larger can! An area to help with certain ecological problems, or by mistake them as an easy meal for.. Hands near your face after you touched the turtle names and dates are hyperlinked their! Be found in Michigan and they are an important part of our state & # ;... Have since been released back into the wild you will need a license! H., J. P., and R. A. Brandon, and J. T. Collins subrubrum is a common turtle. Of writers and researchers who write about pet turtles and Softshell turtles year-round from the of... Turtles have a small turtle that is endemic to the site and we hope Find... Eat smaller animals such as smaller fish, crayfish, and R. B. Huey ( editors ) checklist of shell... Numerous concentric yellow lines or markings and ends in July with mud turtles musk. And limbs also feature yellowish-orange stripes family of turtles that contain both pond Box... Subspecies of the spring up until the end of July turtles are excellent climbers too under. Behind each eye 50 years Eastern Box turtles have a small turtle that weighed in at massive! Weight was rumored to be a whopping 403 pounds easy to care for western states eight to inches. Period for the Study of amphibians and reptiles Contributions to Herpetology ( 3 ):109-141 of a species turtles. ; what?!?! & quot ; this week our biologists were out checking traps set the.
Robert Walsh Obituary Florida,
Johnny Depp Oscar Speech,
Mercedes Sprinter Front Spring Upgrade,
Articles K
kentucky state record snapping turtle
Your email is safe with us.