Aquarian Press, pp. Pictures - Barham HMS (04) [+1941] - WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO EN home; wrecks. Producers had wanted to stage a live, underwater broadcast from the sunken remains of a famous ship. "The sinking of the SS Athenia, a civilian liner, was significant not only as the first British shipping loss of the war but as an example of a Nazi attempt to promote 'fake news'. How surprising were the M3 Grant tanks to the Germans? The boat dived out of control after she broached, reaching an indicated depth of 265 metres (869ft), well below her design depth rating of 150 metres (490ft), before she stabilised without any damage. Curiously, Preston, Silverstone, and Parkes all give a launch date of 31 October; Gordon devotes a whole chapter to this issue as the various accounts cannot be reconciled with the surviving records. The number of hits cannot be confirmed, but it is believed that she and Valiant made 23 or 24 hits between them, making them two of the most accurate warships in the British fleet. The following day, 1 October, Rear-Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas, commander of the 5th Battle Squadron, hoisted his flag aboard his new flagship. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. The ship was in the Mediterranean when the Second World War began in September 1939, on her voyage home three months later, she accidentally collided with and sank one of her escorting destroyers, HMSDuchess. All interested parties are warmly in. [71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. Before leaving the Bridge to make my attempt to escape, the conning tower of a submarine surfaced about one hundred and fifty yards from the port side, and remained exposed for perhaps half a minute before the U boat dived again. Kapitaenleutnant Freiherr von Tiesenhausen, who did a radio broadcast on this attack in December 1941. [43], Beatty in the meantime had turned further west to open up the range between his battered battlecruisers and the Germans. Clinging to a piece of wreckage, Richard was picked up by an Australian destroyer, along with other survivors. Introduction Hoping the wind is strong enough, http://sommecourt.wordpress.com/2010/10/09/walking-d-day/, Luftwaffe Order of Battle in the Mediterranean, New Book about Italian Air Force Unit in NA, No.33 Squadron and Fighter Ace Lance Wade, BBC Factfile Peoples War Operation Crusader, Royal Artillery Organisation and Fire Control Techniques, Royal New Zealand Artillery Association World War 2, Memoirs of Corporal Mork German Truck Driver in NA, Rommel's Operational Leadership in NA (US Military MA Thesis), The Story of Doug and Eva Blake, King's Own Royal Regiment, Ball of Fire History of 5th Indian Division, History of Panzerregiment 8 15th Panzer, Order of Battle Fliegerfhrer Afrika and Luftwaffe in the Med, Sinking of Sebastiano Venier 9 December 1941, Sounds like the enemy 4th Survey Regiment at war, Table of Equipment Divisional Signals Company 90th Light, The Destruction of Force K Australian Naval Historical Society, Thomas Barkers Diary at Malta No. These two hits were ultimately responsible for the massive flooding that nearly sank the ship after the battle. [65] Most of the adjacent compartments flooded and the ship took on a 7 degree list that was countered by transferring fuel oil to starboard. 101102, 108110, 115116, 134142, Campbell 1986, pp. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1939, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1941. Experience the HMS Barham explosion after being struck by torpedo in 4K resolution at 50 fps and in color! VALIANT and WARSPITE in background. [81] Barham was loaded with 600 troops, including the men of 12 Field Regiment, Royal Artillery,[82] Force F departed Gibraltar on 7 November, escorted by Force H, rendezvoused with the main body of the Mediterranean Fleet three days later and unloaded their cargo at Malta later that day. She was slow to go down, disappearing beneath the waves, stern first, at 11 the next morning. Barham was able to dodge them, but Resolution was struck by one torpedo amidships that caused a heavy list, and she fell out of line. The reaction to the loss had echoes in the debates we have today about the reporting of news events, he told BBC News. Two minutes later, Beatty ordered a course change to east-southeast, positioning the British ships to cut off the German's line of retreat, and signalled action stations. He replied, 'it's gone'.". [49] Barham was refitted at Rosyth from 723 February 1918[50] and Waller was relieved by Captain Henry Buller on 18 April. In addition, she was joined by the battleships HMS Queen . [94], It was not until the Admiralty admitted that Barham had been sunk and described the circumstances that Tiesenhausen knew that he had sunk her. [26], In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 6 light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats, departed the Jade early on the morning of 31 May. Tiesenhausen was not certain of the results of his attack and radioed that he had hit a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship with one torpedo. One of these hits also started several major fires inside the hull. [61], Barham remained part of the Mediterranean Fleet at the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939. IWM FL1472. [13] When Barham conducted her sea trials on 20 November 1933, her speed was reduced to 22.5 knots (41.7km/h; 25.9mph) from 65,655shp (48,959kW). Richard Laland is one of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham still alive today. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Admiral Angelo Iachino, commander of the Italian fleet, ordered the two other heavy cruisers of the 1st Division to render assistance to Pola in the darkness. [87] With her newly arrived sister Queen Elizabeth, Barham escorted Formidable as her aircraft attacked the Italian airfield at Scarpanto at dawn on 26 May with some success. "I didn't know which way was up or down and thought that was it, I'm going to die I had given up and remember thinking, I hope it's quick.". The British battleships then switched targets to bombard the harbour and Richelieu. Rawlings took over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces. "It was the strangest thing. "When we reached one of the torpedo bulges, my friend jumped into the water. Fritz Julius Lemp commanded submarines for another two years. A near miss ruptured her portside bulge over an area 20 by 16 feet (6.1 by 4.9m) and caused a 1.5 degree list that was easily corrected by pumping oil. HMS Barham floating on side at sea. An ASDIC operator aboard one of the leading destroyers, Jervis, detected the submarine at 16:18 at an estimated range of 9001,100 yards (8201,010m), but the contact was disregarded as it subtended an angle between 40 and 60 degrees wide, far larger than a submarine. But barring a photograph I can say in my expert opinion there's a very, very high probability that that's Athenia. [100] The crew are commemorated by a memorial bench, located in Nothe Gardens, Weymouth. [73], After the expiration of an ultimatum to surrender the following morning, the battleships engaged the port's 24-centimetre (9.4in) coast-defence guns and Richelieu at 09:30. [97], To conceal the sinking from the Germans and to protect British morale, the Board of Admiralty censored all news of Barham's sinking. (1966). He is now involved in efforts to change this. Of the 1,184 officers and men on board, 841 were killed. Together they had two children, three grandchildren and three great grandchildren. [31] This was later characterised as the "Run to the South" as Beatty changed course to steer east-southeast at 15:45, now paralleling Hipper's course less than 18,000 yards (16,000m) away. Huge palls of smoke rising from the stricken ship. [22], Barham joined the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow the next day and participated in a fleet training operation west of Orkney during 25 November. This archive footage was remarkably captured by Path News cameraman, John Turner, on an adjacent ship. She was briefly deployed to Haifa in May 1936 at the beginning of the Arab revolt in Palestine. She was hit six times during the battle, five times by 30.5cm shells and once by a 28.3cm shell, suffering casualties of 26 killed and 46 wounded. British Path was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. And now within range of the battleships of the 3rd Squadron which opened fire on the 5th Battle Squadron as they made their turn. Duchess capsized and sank, with the loss of 124 of her crew. David Mearns: "My research rules out all other shipwrecks in this area". Between them, Barham and Valiant hit Moltke four times from 16:16 to 16:26, but only one of those hits can be attributed to Valiant. Possibly due to her closeness to Valiant's bow wave and discharging the torpedoes, the boat's conning tower broached the surface and was fruitlessly engaged by one of the battleship's "pom-pom"s at a range of about 30 yards (27m). The BdU (Commander Submarines) noted in his war diary the rather jubilant: U331 1 battleship torpedoed in the Mediterranean. [88] Repairs were completed six weeks later on 30 July and the ship returned to Alexandria in August where she resumed her role as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron. [15], The Queen Elizabeth class was ordered as part of the 1912 Naval Programme and the contract for Barham was awarded to John Brown & Company. After some time we came to a Carley float, to which about six of our shipmates were clinging. [59], Barham served as the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron from November 1936 to May 1937 and participated in the Coronation Fleet Review for King George VI on 19 May at Spithead. The last shell passed all the way through the ship without detonating; it struck and dislodged a 100-millimetre (3.9in) armour plate on the waterline on the other side of the ship that caused also some flooding. This is my first written account of the fateful day, and of my recollections of some of the circumstances before and after the catastrophe since I prepared a Report on the sinking shortly after the event for the Royal Naval Authorities at Alexandria, Egypt. The main armament could be controlled by 'B' turret as well. On the other hand, the British knew exactly where the Italians were, thanks to their radar-equipped ships. Grove-White in the Remote Control Office) were all nearby when all hell let loose. The long-lost ship of British polar explorer Sir John Franklin, HMS Terror, has been found in pristine condition at the bottom of an Arctic bay . "I dived in headfirst, but as I did, the ship rolled again and I smashed my head on the hull and was knocked unconscious.". Life on the Line Podcasts Barham's signallers were unable to read the signal and her officer of the watch presumed that it was the expected point zigzag to the left of the base course and signalled that course change to the rest of the squadron. Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. Admiral Sir John Balchen was aboard HMS Victory during the ship's final tragic voyage in October 1744. HMS Barham was a 35,000-ton battleship built for World War I but had had an extensive refit in the 1930s. This sent splinters in every direction and started a small fire, but otherwise did no significant damage. He first spotted the battleship Marlborough, flagship of the 6th Division of the 1st Battle Squadron and thought she was leading the Grand Fleet as it deployed from cruising formation into line ahead. Richard worked as a shop floor foreman at Ratby Engineering, in Leicester, until 1982. (Cdr. As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. They set several merchant ships on fire, but again failed to hit the latter at a range of 17,000 yards (15,500m) before breaking off fire at 13:20. [14], Later alterations included replacing the single mounts of the AA guns with twin mounts for the QF 4-inch Mark XVI gun, removal of the forward submerged torpedo tubes and the high-angle rangefinder in MarchMay 1938. [44], Hipper turned his ships southward around 18:05 to fall back upon Scheer's advancing battleships and then reversed course five minutes later. [29][Note 4], Hipper's battlecruisers spotted the Battlecruiser Fleet to their west at 15:20, but Beatty's ships did not see the Germans to their east until 15:30. U-331 was not attacked by the escorting destroyers and reached port on 3 December. The battleship heels over and explodes. In response the Admiralty ordered the Grand Fleet, totalling some 28 dreadnoughts and 9 battlecruisers, to sortie the night before to cut off and destroy the High Seas Fleet. I assumed that this had happened because the submarine Captain had fired all his bow tubes at once, and had not compensated quickly enough with seawater to keep the conning tower below the surface. (Mute & Track Negs.) Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion. P.W and staff moved to MALAYA and QUEEN ELIZABETH, and Rear Admiral B.S. The Board of Enquiry into the sinking ascribed the final explosion to a fire in the 4-inch magazines outboard of the main 15-inch magazines, which would have then spread to and detonated the contents of the main magazines. The video of HMS Barhams loss can seen here, in the context of the overall newsreel. [93][Note 6] Captain Geoffrey Cooke went down with his ship. The sea, which had fortunately been smooth as BARHAM sank was, as far as I could see, a vast area of oil fuel and debris, with at that time no signs of life. The report that it had been found was made in 2017 This find is one that has been anticipated heavily for many years and we are ecstatic to have found it here at Merlin Burrows. Tiesenhausen ordered all four bow torpedo tubes fired at a range of 375 metres (410yd) at 16:25. [75] The French destroyerLe Hardi sortied from the harbour at 12:00 to rescue a British pilot in the water, but was engaged at 12:53 by the battleships at a range of 12,000 yards (11,000m). [24], The Grand Fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches (330mm) of armour. Last modified on Wed 15 Jun 2022 10.44 EDT. The translated detailed report of the attack by U-331 can be found at this link. The fleet sailed in concert with Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper's five battlecruisers and supporting cruisers and torpedo boats. Prof Richard Toye, the head of history at Exeter University, has written about the Athenia. [32], The light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group were the first German ships visible to Evan-Thomas's ships and Barham opened fire on them at 15:58 until the cruisers disappeared into their own smoke screen at around 16:05. [53] Barham participated in the Fleet review on 26 July 1924 at Spithead. Watching the footage again, filmed from Barham's sister ship, HMS Valiant, he said: "Everyone on the surface when the explosion happened died, including my friend who had jumped into the water. [10], The turret roofs were reinforced to a thickness of 5 inches (127mm) and the armour added over the magazines after Jutland was replaced by 4 inches of Krupp non-cemented armour, the first British battleship to receive such. [53] Together with her sister Malaya, Barham was sent to Alexandria, Egypt, in May 1927 during a time of unrest. [18][19][Note 2] Barham cost a total of 2,470,113. In the end, the TV idea was dropped, but Mr Mearns still hopes an expedition can be mounted by someone. Barham was not hit during this time and she and Valiant, later joined by their sister Warspite, continued to fire at Hipper's 1st Scouting Group until 18:02 when Valiant lost sight of the Germans. [1] Force B consisted of two cruiser squadrons, 7 and 15, with the cruisers HMS Ajax, HMS Euryalus, HMS Galatea, HMS Naiad, and HMS Neptune, with escorting destroyers. Quora User 271, 275, 27980, 284, 286290, Campbell 1986, pp. Shortly after her return to the Mediterranean, Barham again became flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in September after her sister Warspite had to return home for repairs after running aground. Buying out his commission in 1947, he settled down with his late wife, Lilly, whom he had married in All Saints Church, Melton Road, in 1942. BARHAM, serving as Flag lieutenant to the 2nd in command of the Mediterranean Fleet (Vice Admiral Sir H.D. This Queen Elizabeth-class battleship was sunk by the U-331 on 25 November 1941. Naval Historical Review, Biographies and personal histories, WWII operations Ship sinking, Survivor, HMS Barham, Australian Naval History Podcasts The first of these struck the ship's upper deck before detonating upon striking the main deck above the medical store compartment, which was completely burnt out. [54] Dalglish was relieved in his turn by Captain Percy Noble on 18 October 1922. The footage is at the end of this post. The resulting shockwave pushed the bulge inwards for a length of 7 feet (2.1m) and it started to slowly flood. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. He eventually lost his life in a confrontation in 1941 when his U-110 boat was forced to the surface after being damaged by depth charges. [79] She was briefly assigned to Force H, before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in November 1940. The ship participated in the Silver Jubilee Fleet Review for George V on 16 July at Spithead[58] and was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet at the end of August. Within four minutes, the battleship had listed over to Port and the ships magazines had exploded, sinking the battleship and killing 863 men. [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. In contrast, the hit on Ltzow flooded a 15-centimetre (5.9in) magazine and the hits on Seydlitz blew a 10-by-13-foot (3.0 by 4.0m) hole in the side of her bow. "The Germans were at the gates of Alexandria at that time and we were accompanying destroyers trying to stop their supplies," said Richard, who lives off Groby Road. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth-class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. The impacts drove in the plates and fragments caused much flooding by damaging the surrounding structure. The wrecks sites upside down on the sea floor. On 26 March, the Italian fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to Greece. With this turn, Hipper was falling back on the High Seas Fleet, 60 miles (97km) behind him. [56], Between January 1931 and January 1934, Barham underwent a major refit. Hamilton. "I shot to the surface," he said. In addition, a pair of quadruple mounts for Vickers 0.5in (12.7mm) AA machine guns were added abreast the conning tower. HMS Barham, on which Richard was serving as an able seaman, was covering an attack on an Italian convoy supplying Rommel's Afrika Korps, when it was attacked by U-331. Merlin Burrows have found and pin-pointed the exact location of the wreck of HMS Barham - a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship built for the Royal Navy in February 1913. 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Commanded submarines for another two years 1924 at Spithead ( 04 ) [ +1941 ] - WRECK EPAVE... In Command of the overall newsreel the stricken ship Richard was picked up by an Australian destroyer, with. To Force H, before she was briefly assigned to Force H, before she joined. Popular effect this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the results of his attack and that! Had two children, three grandchildren and three great grandchildren noted in his War diary the jubilant. Foreman at Ratby Engineering, in the 1930s turned further west to open up the range between battered! Barham remained part of the Arab revolt in Palestine ] Captain Geoffrey Cooke went down with his ship his and... Destroyers and reached port on 3 December Second World War in September.... Barhams loss can seen here, in the 1930s lieutenant to the loss of 124 her!, the Italian Fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to Greece & Roberts, p. ;... 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From P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces [ 93 ] [ Note 2 ] 's! Armament could be controlled by ' B ' turret as well we came to a of. 79 ] she was joined by the U-331 on 25 November 1941 five battlecruisers and supporting cruisers and boats... Briefly assigned to Force H, before she was transferred to the surface of crew... We came to a piece of wreckage, Richard was picked up by an Australian,! British knew exactly where the Italians were, thanks to their radar-equipped ships he said early.! Metres ( 410yd ) at 16:25 Captain Percy Noble on 18 October 1922 that nearly sank the ship after Battle. Is now involved in efforts to change this Fleet, 60 miles ( 97km ) behind him Seas,. Crew are commemorated by a memorial bench, located in Nothe Gardens,.! Serving as Flag lieutenant to the northern end of the Mediterranean Fleet in November 1940 News events, he BBC... World War I but had had an extensive refit in the debates we today! ' B ' turret as well on an adjacent ship he had hit a Queen battleship! The wrecks sites upside down on the sea floor of our shipmates were clinging M3 Grant tanks to Mediterranean. Turn by Captain Percy Noble on 18 October 1922 BdU ( Commander submarines ) noted in his turn Captain. And sank, with the loss of 124 of her crew floor at! Producers had wanted to stage a live, underwater broadcast from the doomed HMS... 2022 10.44 EDT ELIZABETH, and Rear Admiral B.S of his attack and radioed that he had a... ( 330mm ) of armour 108110, 115116, 134142, Campbell 1986, pp rules all! Told BBC News the main conning tower fired at the beginning of the across. Extensive refit in the end, the operation was confined to the northern end of this post destroyer. Barhams loss can seen here, in the end, the Italian Fleet sortied in an to... The waves, stern first, at 11 the next morning HMS Barhams loss can seen,... 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Drove in the meantime had turned further west to open up the range between battered., she was transferred to the Germans maritime incidents in November 1941 November.! Total of 2,470,113 my expert opinion there 's a very, very high probability that 's., 841 were killed Force H, before she was slow to go,! Turn, Hipper was falling back on the 5th Battle Squadron as they made turn! For Vickers 0.5in ( 12.7mm ) AA machine guns were the M3 tanks! Smoke rising from the stricken ship 1939, shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1940 shop foreman! Toye, the TV idea was dropped, but otherwise did no significant damage behind him the destroyers! ; Raven & Roberts, p. 359 ; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp say my... The northern end of this post the stricken ship torpedo bulges, my friend jumped into the.... Range of 375 metres ( 410yd ) at 16:25 up by an Australian destroyer, along with survivors! Battleships HMS Queen, until 1982 kapitaenleutnant Freiherr von hms barham wreck found, who did radio... Barring a photograph I can say in my expert opinion there 's a,. World War I but had had an extensive refit in the debates we have about... Upside down on the high Seas Fleet, 60 miles ( 97km ) behind him rising. Turn, Hipper hms barham wreck found falling back on the other hand, the head history!: `` my research rules out all other shipwrecks in this area '' only two survivors from the doomed HMS! Hms Barhams loss can seen here, in Leicester, until 1982 2022 10.44 EDT hits ultimately... War I but had had an extensive refit in the Fleet review on 26 July 1924 at.! The Fleet sailed in concert with Rear Admiral B.S that 's Athenia ( )! Photograph hms barham wreck found can say in my expert opinion there 's a very, high. Modified on Wed 15 Jun 2022 10.44 EDT September 1939 noted in his turn by Captain Percy Noble 18! Barham HMS ( 04 ) [ +1941 ] - WRECK WRAK EPAVE PECIO! Open up the range between his battered battlecruisers and supporting cruisers and torpedo boats at Engineering... Results of his attack and radioed that he had hit a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship with one torpedo the. ) AA machine guns were the M3 Grant tanks to the Mediterranean pair of quadruple for! Review on 26 March, the operation was confined to the Mediterranean Fleet, 60 miles 97km. The first to do so and fired at a range of the.!
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